Using Critical Zone Science to Enhance Soil Fertility and Improve Ecosystem Services for Peri-Urban Agriculture in China

利用关键区域科学提高土壤肥力并改善中国城郊农业的生态系统服务

• 批准号: NE/N007514/1
• 负责人: Steven Banwart
• 金额: $ 38.67万
• 依托单位: University of Sheffield
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN007514%2F1
• 关键词: Using; Critical; Zone; Science; Enhance

This research project focuses on sustainable intensification of agriculture in highly productive peri-urban farming areas in China. This agricultural base is essential to meet China's increasing food production demands but is under pressure from urban pollution inputs, soil and water pollution from farming practices - particularly extensive use of mineral fertilisers and pesticides, and urbanisation. We will quantify the benefits and risks of a substantial step-increase in organic fertiliser application as a means to reduce the use of mineral fertiliser. Our approach is to study the role of soil as a central control point in Earth's Critical Zone (CZ), the thin outer layer of our planet that determines most life-sustaining resources. Our Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) site is the Zhangxi catchment within Ningbo city, a pilot city of rapid urbanization in the Yangtze delta. We will combine controlled manipulation experiments of increased organic fertiliser loading with determination of soil process rates and flux determinations for water, nutrients, contaminants, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across the flux boundaries where the soil profile interfaces with and influences the wider CZ; surface waters and aquifers, vegetation, and the atmosphere. To guide the research design we have identified 3 detailed scientific hypotheses.1. Replacement of mineral fertiliser use by organic fertiliser will shift the soil food web for N/C cycling from one dominated by bacterial heterotrophic decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) and bacterial nitrification to produce plant available N and loss of soluble nitrate to drainage waters, to one dominated by heterotrophic fungal decomposition of complex, more persistent forms of OM to low molecular weight organic N forms that are plant available. This change in N source will increase SOM content and improve soil structure through soil aggregate formation.2. Increased use of organic fertiliser from pig slurry (PS), and wastewater sludge (WS) will lead to increased environmental occurrence of emerging contaminants, particularly antibiotics and growth hormones. Environmental transport, fate and exposure must be determined to quantify development of microbial antibiotic resistance and other environmental and food safety risk, and develop soil and water management practices for risk mitigation.3. Decreased use of mineral fertilisers and increased use of organic fertilisers will reduce environmental and food safety risks from metals contamination; this is due to lower metal mobility and bioavailability from redox transformations, reduced soil acidification and increased metal complexation on soil organic matter.Our programme of research will conduct the manipulation experiments across nested scales of observation with idealised laboratory microcosm systems, controlled manipulation experiments in field mesocosms, pilot testing of grass buffer strips to reduce the transport of emerging contaminants from the soil to surface waters, and field (~1ha) manipulation experiments. Mechanistic soil process models will be tested, further developed to test the specific hypotheses, and applied to quantify process rates that mediate the landscape scale CZ fluxes as a measure of ecosystem service flows. GIS modelling methods include data from characterisation of a subset of soil properties and process rates at a wider set of locations in the catchment, together with catchment surface water and groundwater monitoring for water and solute flux balances. The GIS model that is developed will identify the geospatial variation in nutrient, contaminant, and GHG sources and sinks and will be used to quantify fluxes at the catchment scale. These results will determine the current baseline of ecosystem service flows and will evaluate scenarios for how these measures of ecosystem services will change with a transition to widespread of organic fertilisers through the farming area of the catchment.

本研究项目的重点是中国高生产力城市周边农业地区的农业可持续集约化。这一农业基地对于满足中国日益增长的粮食生产需求至关重要，但面临着城市污染输入、农业实践造成的土壤和水污染（特别是大量使用矿物肥料和杀虫剂）以及城市化的压力。我们将量化大幅增加有机肥料施用量的好处和风险，以此作为减少矿物肥料使用的一种手段。我们的方法是研究土壤作为地球临界区（CZ）中心控制点的作用，地球的薄外层决定了大多数生命维持资源。我们的临界区观测站（CZO）位于长江三角洲快速城市化试点城市宁波市的樟溪流域。我们将结合联合收割机控制操作实验，增加有机肥负荷与土壤过程速率和通量测定水，养分，污染物和温室气体（GHG）排放量的通量边界，土壤剖面界面和影响更广泛的CZ，地表沃茨和含水层，植被和大气。为了指导研究设计，我们确定了3个详细的科学假设。用有机肥替代无机肥将使N/C循环的土壤食物网从以细菌异养分解土壤有机质（SOM）和细菌硝化产生植物有效N和向排水沃茨损失可溶性硝酸盐为主的食物网转变为以异养真菌分解复合物为主的食物网，有机质的持久形式转化为植物可利用的低分子量有机氮形式。这种氮源的变化会增加土壤有机质含量，通过土壤团聚体的形成改善土壤结构.增加使用有机肥料从猪泥浆（PS），和废水污泥（WS）将导致增加环境发生的新兴污染物，特别是抗生素和生长激素。必须确定环境迁移、归宿和暴露，以量化微生物抗生素耐药性的发展和其他环境和食品安全风险，并制定土壤和水管理措施以减轻风险。减少矿物肥料的使用，增加有机肥料的使用，将减少金属污染对环境和食品安全造成的风险;这是由于氧化还原转化降低了金属的流动性和生物有效性，减少了土壤酸化和增加了土壤有机质上的金属络合。我们的研究计划将在理想的实验室微观系统的嵌套观测尺度上进行操纵实验，在野外围隔生态系统中进行的受控操作实验、减少土壤中新出现的污染物向地表沃茨迁移的草缓冲带的试点测试，以及野外（约1公顷）操作实验。机械土壤过程模型将进行测试，进一步开发，以测试具体的假设，并应用于量化的过程速率，介导的景观尺度CZ通量作为衡量生态系统服务流。地理信息系统建模方法包括在集水区更广泛的一组位置的土壤特性和过程速率的子集的表征数据，以及集水区地表水和地下水监测水和溶质通量平衡。开发的地理信息系统模型将确定营养物、污染物和温室气体源和汇的地理空间变化，并将用于量化流域尺度的通量。这些结果将确定目前的基线生态系统服务流量，并将评估这些措施的生态系统服务将如何改变过渡到广泛的有机肥料通过农业领域的集水区的情景。

项目成果

Economic valuation of Earth's critical zone: Framework, theory and methods

• DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2021.100654
• 发表时间: 2021-08
• 期刊: Environmental Development
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: W. Nie;Hongyan Guo;S. Banwart

Optimizing Peri-URban Ecosystems (PURE) to re-couple urban-rural symbiosis.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.094
• 发表时间: 2017-05
• 期刊: The Science of the total environment
• 作者: Yong-guan Zhu;B. Reid;A. Meharg;S. Banwart;Bojie Fu

Will the circle be unbroken? The climate mitigation and sustainable development given by a circular economy of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and water

圆圈会不会被打破？

• DOI: 10.1039/d2su00121g
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: RSC Sustainability
• 作者: McKenna P

Insights into the mechanism of the interference of sulfadiazine on soil microbial community and function.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126388
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: Journal of hazardous materials
• 影响因子: 13.6
• 作者: Linlin Qiu;T. Daniell;S. Banwart;M. Nafees;Jingjing Wu;Wenchao Du;Ying Yin;Hongyan Guo