Using Critical Zone Science to Enhance Soil Fertility and Improve Ecosystem Services for Peri-Urban Agriculture in China

利用关键区域科学提高土壤肥力并改善中国城郊农业的生态系统服务

• 批准号: NE/N007514/2
• 负责人: Steven Banwart
• 金额: $ 67.18万
• 依托单位: University of Leeds
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN007514%2F2
• 关键词: Using; Critical; Zone; Science; Enhance

This research project focuses on sustainable intensification of agriculture in highly productive peri-urban farming areas in China. This agricultural base is essential to meet China's increasing food production demands but is under pressure from urban pollution inputs, soil and water pollution from farming practices - particularly extensive use of mineral fertilisers and pesticides, and urbanisation. We will quantify the benefits and risks of a substantial step-increase in organic fertiliser application as a means to reduce the use of mineral fertiliser. Our approach is to study the role of soil as a central control point in Earth's Critical Zone (CZ), the thin outer layer of our planet that determines most life-sustaining resources. Our Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) site is the Zhangxi catchment within Ningbo city, a pilot city of rapid urbanization in the Yangtze delta. We will combine controlled manipulation experiments of increased organic fertiliser loading with determination of soil process rates and flux determinations for water, nutrients, contaminants, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across the flux boundaries where the soil profile interfaces with and influences the wider CZ; surface waters and aquifers, vegetation, and the atmosphere. To guide the research design we have identified 3 detailed scientific hypotheses.1. Replacement of mineral fertiliser use by organic fertiliser will shift the soil food web for N/C cycling from one dominated by bacterial heterotrophic decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) and bacterial nitrification to produce plant available N and loss of soluble nitrate to drainage waters, to one dominated by heterotrophic fungal decomposition of complex, more persistent forms of OM to low molecular weight organic N forms that are plant available. This change in N source will increase SOM content and improve soil structure through soil aggregate formation.2. Increased use of organic fertiliser from pig slurry (PS), and wastewater sludge (WS) will lead to increased environmental occurrence of emerging contaminants, particularly antibiotics and growth hormones. Environmental transport, fate and exposure must be determined to quantify development of microbial antibiotic resistance and other environmental and food safety risk, and develop soil and water management practices for risk mitigation.3. Decreased use of mineral fertilisers and increased use of organic fertilisers will reduce environmental and food safety risks from metals contamination; this is due to lower metal mobility and bioavailability from redox transformations, reduced soil acidification and increased metal complexation on soil organic matter.Our programme of research will conduct the manipulation experiments across nested scales of observation with idealised laboratory microcosm systems, controlled manipulation experiments in field mesocosms, pilot testing of grass buffer strips to reduce the transport of emerging contaminants from the soil to surface waters, and field (~1ha) manipulation experiments. Mechanistic soil process models will be tested, further developed to test the specific hypotheses, and applied to quantify process rates that mediate the landscape scale CZ fluxes as a measure of ecosystem service flows. GIS modelling methods include data from characterisation of a subset of soil properties and process rates at a wider set of locations in the catchment, together with catchment surface water and groundwater monitoring for water and solute flux balances. The GIS model that is developed will identify the geospatial variation in nutrient, contaminant, and GHG sources and sinks and will be used to quantify fluxes at the catchment scale. These results will determine the current baseline of ecosystem service flows and will evaluate scenarios for how these measures of ecosystem services will change with a transition to widespread of organic fertilisers through the farming area of the catchment.

本研究项目的重点是中国城郊高产农业区的农业可持续集约化。这一农业基础对于满足中国日益增长的粮食生产需求至关重要，但受到城市污染投入、农业生产方式造成的土壤和水污染（尤其是矿物肥料和农药的广泛使用）以及城市化的压力。我们将量化大幅度增加有机肥施用以减少矿物肥使用的好处和风险。我们的方法是研究土壤作为地球临界带（CZ）的中心控制点的作用，地球的薄外层决定了大多数维持生命的资源。我们的关键区域观测站（CZO）位于宁波市的张溪流域，宁波市是长江三角洲快速城市化的试点城市。我们将结合增加有机肥负荷的控制操作实验，测定土壤过程速率和通量测定水、养分、污染物和温室气体（GHG）排放的通量边界，其中土壤剖面与更宽的CZ界面并影响其；地表水和含水层，植被和大气。为了指导研究设计，我们确定了3个详细的科学假设。用有机肥料代替无机肥料将使土壤食物网的N/C循环从一个以细菌异养分解土壤有机质（SOM）和细菌硝化作用为主导，以产生植物有效氮和向排水中流失可溶性硝酸盐为主，转变为一个以异养真菌分解复杂的、更持久的OM形式为植物有效的低分子量有机氮形式为主的食物网。这种氮源变化会通过土壤团聚体的形成增加土壤有机质含量，改善土壤结构。越来越多地使用来自猪浆（PS）和废水污泥（WS）的有机肥，将导致环境中出现更多的新污染物，特别是抗生素和生长激素。必须确定环境运输、命运和暴露，以量化微生物抗生素耐药性和其他环境和食品安全风险的发展，并制定减轻风险的土壤和水管理做法。减少使用矿物肥料和增加使用有机肥料将减少金属污染带来的环境和食品安全风险；这是由于氧化还原转化导致的金属流动性和生物利用度降低，土壤酸化减少，土壤有机质上金属络合作用增加。我们的研究计划将在理想的实验室微观世界系统的巢状观测尺度上进行操纵实验，在野外中生态系统中进行控制操纵实验，对草地缓冲带进行试点测试，以减少新出现的污染物从土壤到地表水的运输，以及实地（~1ha）操纵实验。将测试机械土壤过程模型，进一步开发以测试特定假设，并应用于量化调节景观尺度CZ通量的过程速率，作为生态系统服务流量的衡量标准。地理信息系统建模方法包括来自集水区更广泛地点的一组土壤特性和过程速率特征的数据，以及集水区地表水和地下水对水和溶质通量平衡的监测。所开发的地理信息系统模型将确定营养物、污染物和温室气体源和汇的地理空间变化，并将用于在集水区尺度上量化通量。这些结果将确定当前生态系统服务流量的基线，并将评估这些生态系统服务措施将如何随着在流域农业地区广泛使用有机肥料的过渡而发生变化的情景。

项目成果

Insights into the mechanism of the interference of sulfadiazine on soil microbial community and function.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126388
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: Journal of hazardous materials
• 影响因子: 13.6
• 作者: Linlin Qiu;T. Daniell;S. Banwart;M. Nafees;Jingjing Wu;Wenchao Du;Ying Yin;Hongyan Guo

Phyllosphere of staple crops under pig manure fertilization, a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.098
• 发表时间: 2019-09
• 期刊: Environmental pollution
• 影响因子: 8.9
• 作者: Shuyidan Zhou;Dong Zhu;M. Giles;Xiao-Ru Yang;T. Daniell;R. Neilson;Yong-guan Zhu

Does reduced usage of antibiotics in livestock production mitigate the spread of antibiotic resistance in soil, earthworm guts, and the phyllosphere?

• DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105359
• 发表时间: 2020-02
• 期刊: Environment international
• 影响因子: 11.8
• 作者: Shuyidan Zhou;Dong Zhu;M. Giles;T. Daniell;R. Neilson;Xiao-Ru Yang

Groundwater flow velocities in a fractured carbonate aquifer-type: Implications for contaminant transport.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2019.02.001
• 发表时间: 2019-02
• 期刊: Journal of contaminant hydrology
• 影响因子: 3.6
• 作者: G. Medici;L. West;S. Banwart

Mineral and organic fertilization alters the microbiome of a soil nematode Dorylaimus stagnalis and its resistome.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.384
• 发表时间: 2019-08
• 期刊: The Science of the total environment
• 作者: Fei Zheng;Dong Zhu;M. Giles;T. Daniell;R. Neilson;Yong-guan Zhu;Xiao-Ru Yang