Maximising science-to-policy outcomes from NERC funded ocean acidification research

海洋酸化是一个相对较新的描述过程，指的是海洋化学的重大变化，主要是由海洋吸收人类产生的二氧化碳排放到大气中造成的。海洋生态系统通过对个别物种的生理、行为和种群动态的影响，对所有海洋生态系统构成重大风险。在过去的5年里，随着对许多学科的调查，办公自动化研究有了很大的增长。随着科学家们致力于更好地了解未来对生态系统和社会的影响，实验和方法的复杂性也在增加。最初的实验是简单和短期的，只研究了办公自动化的影响。然而，其他海洋应激源与OA同时起作用，如海洋变暖、除氧和海平面上升。现在的研究更加复杂，着眼于更长时间尺度上多种应激源的影响，一些研究操纵整个生态系统，另一些研究适应潜力，其他研究地质记录中的类似事件，其他研究关注潜在的社会经济后果，而全球和区域模拟预测在不同的二氧化碳排放情况下未来的海洋化学将是什么样子。这些广泛的研究发表在科学文献上的结果是，人们越来越意识到，生物之间存在着广泛的敏感性，而且往往是复杂的反应，但整个海洋生态系统很可能在未来发生变化。变化的程度将取决于社会减少二氧化碳排放的行动。此类行动在《气候公约》缔约方会议上进行了讨论和谈判。因此，重要的是，二氧化碳排放对海洋、海洋生态系统和依赖它们的社会的影响是讨论的一部分。对于非科学家来说，这些快速增长的、往往是复杂的多学科信息的综合可能很难评估。因此，必须以政策制定者和其他利益攸关方可以理解的形式，在全文的背景下传达最新研究成果。这就是这项拟议的奖学金的目的。要做好这项工作，填补科学与政策之间的空白，必须得到科学家和政策制定者的信任，并对科学和政策需求有所了解。在过去的10年里，我有幸建立了这样的信任和理解。我将通过电子邮件和会议，与科学家就即将发表的研究论文保持联系，并为他们分析如何获得NERC资助的科学的更大影响做出贡献。我将分析、解释和综合关于海洋石油管理局和其他海洋压力来源的证据，向英国政府部门简要介绍最新发现，并将这些发现放在全球范围内。我将就证据的质量和相关性提供建议，并在需要时就具体问题提供快速、特别的建议。我还将向其他非政府利益攸关方介绍最新的科学证据并向其提供建议。我还将与其他国家研究方案和机构合作，确保将所有国家方案所获得的知识有效和共同地传达给国家和国际政策制定者。这将通过出席他们的方案会议和通过电子邮件通信来实现。我将与国际开放式获取网络和中心(OA-ICC、OAiRUG、Goa-on)合作，促进新的科学研究的协调和合作，并加强与政策制定者的了解和知识交流。我将与OAiRUG合作，组织一次由关键研究科学家和利益相关者参加的英国科学政策研讨会。我将与来自英国和其他国家的其他科学家合作，至少每年向包括《联合国气候变化框架公约》在内的联合国机构通报这些发现，并在关键的年度气候变化谈判期间向代表们通报这些结果，以便做出明智的决策。

Ocean acidification (OA) is a relatively newly described process that refers to major changes to the ocean's chemistry, mainly caused by ocean uptake of human produced emissions of CO2 to the atmospheric. OA poses substantial risks to all marine ecosystems through the impacts on the physiology, behaviour, and population dynamics of individual species. OA research has grown substantially over the last 5 years with investigations across many disciplines. The complexity of experiments and approaches has also grown as scientists have aimed at a better understanding of future impacts for ecosystems and society. Initially experiments were simple and short term and only addressed effects of OA. However, other ocean stressors act at the same time as OA, such as ocean warming and deoxygenation and sea level rise. Now investigations are more complex looking at effects from multiple stressors over longer time scales, some manipulate whole ecosystems, others look at adaptation potential, others investigate similar events in the geological record, others look at the potential socio economic consequences while global and regional modelling project what the ocean chemistry will be like in the future under different CO2 emissions scenarios.The product of these wide ranging studies published in the scientific literature is an increasing awareness that there is a broad variety of sensitivities and often complex responses amongst organisms but that overall marine ecosystems are highly likely to change in the future. The degree of change will depend on society's actions to reduce CO2 emissions. Such actions are discussed and negotiated at the UNFCCC COPs. It is therefore important that that the effects of CO2 emissions on the ocean, its ecosystems and societies that depend on them are part of the discussion. The synthesis of all this rapidly growing, often complex multidisciplinary, information can be difficult for non-scientists to assess. It is therefore essential to communicate the latest research in context of the full literature in an understandable form for policy makers and other stakeholders. This is the aim of this proposed fellowship. To do this well, to fill the science-policy gap, one must have the trust of both scientists and policy makers and an understanding of the science as well as the policy need. I am fortunate enough to have developed such trust and understanding over the last 10 years.I will liaise, through emails and meetings, with scientists on forthcoming research publications and contribute to their analyses of how to gain enhanced impact of their NERC funded science. I will analyse, interpret and synthesise evidence on OA and other ocean stressors and brief UK Government Departments on the latest findings and set these within a global context. I will provide advice on the quality and relevance of evidence as well as give rapid, ad-hoc advice on specific issues when required. I will also brief and advise other non-governmental stakeholders of the latest scientific evidence.I will also collaborate with other national research programmes and institutions to ensure the knowledge gained by all nations' programmes are effectively and jointly communicated to national and international policy makers. This will be achieved through attendance at their programme meetings and via email communication. I will work with international OA networks and centres (OA-ICC, OAiRUG, GOA-ON), to foster coordination and collaboration of new scientific research, and to enhance understanding and knowledge exchange with policy makers. In collaboration with the OAiRUG, I will organise a UK science-policy workshop, of key research scientists and stakeholders. In collaboration with other scientists, from the UK and other nations, I will communicate the findings at least annually to UN bodies, including the UNFCCC, and to the delegates during the key annual climate change negotiations so that informed decision making can be made.