From arc magmas to ores (FAMOS): A mineral systems approach

从弧岩浆到矿石 (FAMOS)：矿物系统方法

• 批准号: NE/P017053/1
• 负责人: Daniel Smith
• 金额: $ 30.29万
• 依托单位: University of Leicester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP017053%2F1
• 关键词: arc; magmas; ores; FAMOS; mineral

Society is dependent on a reliable supply of metals and minerals for economic growth, improved standards of living, and development of infrastructure. Population growth means that even with increased recycling and resource efficiency, new mineral deposits still need to be discovered. The efficient exploration for, and discovery of, new resources requires new concepts and new tools. The Mineral Systems approach to exploration considers ore deposits on a lithospheric scale, in terms of the "ingredients", processes and environments that favour their formation. This approach amounts to a "source-pathway-trap" model, with an increased emphasis on predictive capacity, rather than just feature recognition. Historically, much research has focused on the trap, and characterisation of the ore deposits themselves; here we aim to focus deeper in the system by integrating ore deposit formation with concepts of magmatism that arise from igneous petrology and volcanology. Therein lies a challenge because extant models for porphyry systems are increasingly at odds with magmatic models for crustal construction and arc volcanism. Rather than seeing magmatic systems in terms of large, liquid-rich magma chambers, emerging petrological models for crustal magmatism are turning instead to crystal-dominated, volatile-bearing "mushy" systems that traverse most or all of the crust. The dynamics of such systems have important consequences not just for arc magmatism, but also for the chemistry of the volatiles that are exsolved. These same volatiles fuel mineralisation and this is the synergy that we aim to exploit by assembling a multidisciplinary team of researchers from economic geology, igneous and metamorphic petrology, volcanology, geochemistry, numerical modelling and fluid dynamics. Our team embraces almost everyone currently engaged in porphyry mineralisation research in the UK and capitalises on strong existing links between UK ROs and the mining industry, many of who are Project Partners. The research will involve analysis of minerals from a wide variety of mineralised and barren settings using a wealth of modern analytical tools that enable determination of an extensive suite of trace elements and isotope tracers. As each trace element responds to magmatic processes in subtly different ways due to the affinity of different elements for different phases (minerals, melts and fluids), so the multi-element approach affords many advantages over conventional proxies in which the full potential of the Periodic Table is not exploited. The analysis of natural systems will be underpinned by high pressure and temperature experiments to establish the phase relationships of ascending arc magmas and the partition coefficients that capture the affinities of elements for certain phases. As fluid accumulation and migration is an essential, but poorly understood, final step in ore deposit formation, we will develop, in tandem with the geochemistry, numerical models for fluid-bearing mushy systems. Finally, consideration will be given to critical metals that are passengers through the main ore-forming processes, but constitute important, often under-explored, by-products of porphyry mineralisation. The research proposed has a strong element of blue skies investigation, but a particular focus on outcomes that will benefit industry through improved exploration tools. Thus the project bridges the divide between academic and applied research in a way that is not normally possible through industry-funded projects. This bridging activity lies at the heart of the Highlight Topic call, specifically through the integration of new advances in the study of mineral systems, igneous petrology and geochemistry, with a view to identifying conditions that can act as pathfinders for new targets. A key outcome will be a range of trace element proxies that will enable the mining industry to establish the potential fertility of a magmatic arc on local to regional scales.

社会取决于可靠的金属和矿物质以用于经济增长，改善生活水平以及基础设施的发展。人口增长意味着，即使回收利用和资源效率提高，仍然需要发现新的矿藏。对新资源的有效探索和发现需要新的概念和新工具。矿物系统的探索方法考虑了岩石层尺度上的矿石沉积，就“成分”，有利于其形成的过程和环境而言。这种方法等于“源途径陷阱”模型，并越来越重视预测能力，而不仅仅是特征识别。从历史上看，许多研究集中在陷阱和矿床本身的表征上。在这里，我们的目标是通过将矿床的形成与火成岩学和火山学产生的岩浆概念相结合，将其更深入地关注系统。这是一个挑战，因为现存的斑岩系统模型与地壳结构和弧火山的岩浆模型越来越矛盾。与其在大型岩石室中看到岩浆系统，而是用于地壳岩浆的新兴岩石学模型转向以晶体为主的，挥发性的含糊状的“糊状”系统，这些系统遍及大多数或全部地壳。此类系统的动力学不仅对弧岩浆作用产生重要的后果，而且对被溶解的挥发物的化学反应也带来了重要的影响。这些相同的挥发物为矿化燃料，这是我们旨在通过组成一个来自经济地质，火成岩和变质岩石学，火山学，地球化学，数值建模和流体动力学的多学科研究人员团队来利用的协同作用。我们的团队几乎拥护目前在英国从事斑岩矿化研究的每个人，并利用了英国ROS与采矿业之间的牢固现有联系，其中许多是项目合作伙伴。这项研究将涉及使用大量现代分析工具对各种矿物质和贫瘠的环境进行矿物的分析，以确定广泛的痕量元素和同位素示踪剂。由于每个痕量要素都以微妙的方式响应岩浆过程，因此由于不同元素对不同阶段（矿物质，熔体和流体）的亲和力，因此多元素方法比传统代理具有许多优势，在传统代理中，未利用周期表的全部潜力。高压和温度实验将支持自然系统的分析，以建立上升弧岩浆的相位关系以及捕获某些阶段元素亲和力的分区系数。由于流体的积累和迁移是矿石沉积形成的最后一步，但对矿石沉积的最终步骤，我们将与地球化学的数值模型一起发展，用于流体糊状系统。最后，将考虑通过主要的矿石形成过程的关键金属作为乘客，但构成了斑岩矿化的重要，经常探索的副产品。拟议的研究提出了蓝天调查的强大元素，但特别关注的结果将通过改进的勘探工具受益于行业。因此，该项目以通常不可能通过行业资助的项目不可能的方式桥接学术研究和应用研究之间的鸿沟。这种桥接活动是亮点主题呼吁的核心，特别是通过整合矿物系统，火成岩质学和地球化学的新进步，以确定可以充当新目标的途径的条件。一个关键的结果将是一系列痕量要素代理，使采矿业能够在当地至区域尺度上建立岩浆弧的潜在生育能力。

项目成果

Economic By-Products in copper Porphyries: Silver in the Ascutita Cu-Porphyry, Romania

铜斑岩的经济副产品：罗马尼亚 Ascutita 铜斑岩中的银

• DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.105135
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Ore Geology Reviews
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Eskdale A

Geosciences and the Energy Transition

• DOI: 10.3389/esss.2023.10072
• 发表时间: 2023-07
• 期刊: Ecological Indicators
• 影响因子: 6.9
• 作者: N. Gardiner;J. Roberts;G. Johnson;Daniel J. Smith;C. Bond;R. Knipe;S. Haszeldine;Sarah Gordon;M. O'Donnell

Cumulate causes for the low contents of sulfide-loving elements in the continental crust

• DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2965
• 发表时间: 2017-07-01
• 期刊: NATURE GEOSCIENCE
• 影响因子: 18.3
• 作者: Jenner, Frances Elaine

Mobilization and Fractionation of Magmatic Sulfide: Emplacement and Deformation of the Munali Ni-(Cu-Platinum Group Element) Deposit, Zambia

岩浆硫化物的流动和分馏：赞比亚 Munali 镍（铜铂族元素）矿床的侵位和变形

• DOI: 10.5382/econgeo.4906
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Economic Geology
• 影响因子: 5.8
• 作者: Blanks D

Chalcophile element processing beneath a continental arc stratovolcano

• DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2019.06.017
• 发表时间: 2019-09-15
• 期刊: EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: Cox, Daniel;Watt, Sebastian F. L.;Hammond, Samantha J.
• 通讯作者: Hammond, Samantha J.