Linking sustainable food with food waste in policy; a NERC innovation placement in WRAP.

在全球范围内，生产粮食占70%的用水、90%的土地使用和30%的温室气体排放。按照目前的轨迹，粮食产量在未来35年将需要增加60%-100%，这对这样一个未来粮食系统的可持续性甚至生存能力提出了质疑。同时，目前的消费模式造成了巨大的环境和社会问题。通过消除食物浪费，可节省高达三分之一的用于生产食物的资源。然而，很多食物也被过度消费“吃掉”了。英国人摄入的食物的数量和类型都与我们的身体需要，或者我们的环境能提供的最好和最有效的东西不一致。大量的科学报告表明，我们无法‘修复’气候，除非我们也‘修复’西方的饮食模式[2]。粮食产品过度消费的外部性由社会承担[3](例如，通过公共卫生成本、导致气候变化的直接和间接排放、砍伐森林以开垦土地用于农业)，因此，出于社会、环境和经济原因，需要改变政策，以提高供应链的效率，减少浪费，改变食物选择。废物和资源行动计划(WRAP)是英国预防食物浪费的领导机构，一直是一个关键的全球参与者，与政府、企业和社区合作，带来积极的变化，包括国家活动和行业范围的承诺。这一创新安置提供了机会，扩大其能力领域，包括可持续食品生产和消费的各个方面，特别是，通过健康的可持续饮食改变食物选择，以及它们与减少食物垃圾的互动。这代表着WRAP议程的改变，这是对他们减少食物浪费的核心计划的赞扬，并将WRAP转变为可持续食品政策方面值得信赖和全球认可的声音。在这次创新安置中，知识交流研究员Christian Reynolds博士将综合NERC和UKRI资助的研究项目的结果，形成新的产出和政策建议，供WRAP及其行业合作伙伴获取。雷诺兹博士是一名食物浪费和可持续饮食专家，熟悉谢菲尔德大学、N8农业食品项目和更广泛的英国研究界的学术研究、数据和技能。雷诺兹博士位于谢菲尔德可持续食品期货大学，该大学通过对农业食品系统进行跨学科的综合调查来解决全球粮食安全问题。N8农业食品项目是一项跨学科研究计划，将世界领先的作物和牲畜研究与8所研究密集型大学(达勒姆、兰开斯特、利兹、利物浦、曼彻斯特、纽卡斯尔、谢菲尔德和约克)在社会科学方面的广泛专业知识相结合。N8农业食品专注于确保国家和全球农业食品供应链，以应对环境和社会经济挑战。N8最近通过InowFood计划(约克)获得了NERC和BBSRC的资助。创新安置将通过N8将NERC的研究能力与WRAP及其行业合作伙伴联系起来，并为WRAP当前的业务和政策制定增加价值。雷诺兹博士将协助的关键领域包括：1)份量和包装--它们对饮食和食物浪费的影响2)理清人们吃什么和浪费什么之间的关系3)基于学术研究、证据和数据制定政策建议和行业协议。这包括与英国和全球合作伙伴的合作[1]机械工程师学会，《全球食物-不浪费，不匮乏》，伦敦，2013[2]T.加内特，《电镀解决方案》，《科学》(80-.)，第353卷，第6305期，2016[3]NERC研究：在城市地区生产和消费自己的食物的健康风险和好处(谢菲尔德)，IKnowFood(约克)

Globally, producing food accounts for 70% of water use, 90% of land use and 30% of greenhouse gas emissions. On the current trajectory, food production will need to increase by 60-100% in the next 35 years, posing questions for the sustainability or even viability of such a future food system. Concurrently, present consumption patterns cause large environmental and societal issues. Up to a third of the resources used to produce food could be saved by eliminating food waste[1]. However, much food is also 'lost' to over-consumption. Both the quantity and the types of food consumed in the UK are not aligned with what our bodies need, or what our environment can best and most efficiently provide. Numerous scientific reports have shown that we cannot 'fix' the climate, unless we also 'fix' the 'western' eating patterns[2]. The externalities of the over-consumption of food products are borne by society [3](e.g. through public health costs, direct and indirect emissions contributing to climate change, deforestation to clear land for agriculture), and as such for social, environmental and economic reasons, policies changes are required to increase the efficiency of supply chains, reduce waste and shift food choices. The Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP) is the UK's leading body on food waste prevention, and has been a key global actor, working with governments, businesses and communities to deliver positive change, including national campaigns and industry-wide commitments.This innovation placement offers WRAP the opportunity to broaden its areas of capacity to include aspects of sustainable food production and consumption, specifically, shifting food choices via healthy sustainable diets and their interaction with food waste reduction. This represents a change of agenda for WRAP, which compliments their core programme of food waste reduction, and shifts WRAP to being a trusted and globally recognised voice on sustainable food policy.For this innovation placement, Dr Christian Reynolds, a Knowledge Exchange Research Fellow, will synthesise the findings of NERC and UKRI funded research projects, into novel outputs and policy advice that are accessible to WRAP and its industry partners. Dr Reynolds is a food waste and sustainable diets specialist, and is familiar with the academic research, data and skills in the University of Sheffield, the N8 Agrifood project and the broader UK research community. Dr Reynolds is located within the University of Sheffield Sustainable Food Futures which tackles global food security through integrated interdisciplinary investigations of agrifood systems. N8 Agrifood project is an interdisciplinary research programme that combines world-leading crop and livestock research with extensive expertise in social sciences across 8 research intensive universities (Durham, Lancaster, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle, Sheffield and York). The N8Agrifood is focused on ensuring national and global agrifood supply chains in the face of environmental and socioeconomic challenges. The N8 have recently been awarded NERC and BBSRC funding via the IknowFood programme (York).The innovation placement will connect the research capacity of NERC, via the N8 to WRAP and their industry partners, and add value to WRAPs current operations and policy development. Key areas where Dr Reynolds will assist include:1)Portions and packaging-their effects on diet and food waste2)Untangling the relationship between what people eat and what they waste3)Developing policy advice and industry agreements based on academic research, evidence and data. This includes collaboration with UK and global partners[1]Institution of Mechanical Engineers, "Global food - Waste not, want not" London, 2013[2]T. Garnett, "Plating up solutions," Science (80-.)., vol. 353, no. 6305, 2016[3]NERC research: Grow your own-health risks and benefits of producing and consuming your own food in urban areas(Sheffield),IKnowFood (York