International - Translation of Environmental Flow Research in Cambodia (TEFRIC)

国际-柬埔寨环境流研究翻译（TEFRIC）

• 批准号: NE/R009325/1
• 负责人: Julian Thompson
• 金额: $ 10.01万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR009325%2F1
• 关键词: International; Translation; Environmental; Flow; Research

Environmental flows describe the flow regime of a river required to maintain economically, socially and ecologically important ecosystem services. A range of methods for assessing environmental flow requirements has been established. The Range of Variability Approach (RVA) uses Indicators of Hydrological Alteration (IHA), a statistical technique to compare natural and altered flow regimes. The project team have enhanced RVA / IHA approaches to provide a method (Ecological Risk due to Flow Alteration - ERFA) that assigns risk of change based on the number of IHAs covering the entire flow regime (including low and high flows which exert different influences upon riverine ecosystems) exceeding specified thresholds. This work was trialled on the Mekong River Basin and is being further developed for catchments in India and Bangladesh with NERC funding.Cambodia's rivers are under increasing pressure due to water resource schemes, rapid development and extensive land use change. Regional impacts of climate change have also been shown to be uncertain. Since many Cambodians rely heavily on ecosystem services provided by rivers and associated aquatic ecosystem there is a pressing need to introduce best practice for environmental flow assessments and to establish case studies to demonstrate their application within Cambodia. This will permit the inclusion of environmental flows in developing water resource management plans and policies as well as in the formulation of climate change adaptation strategies.We will enhance the existing ERFA code to translate it from the expert system to a tool that can be much more easily used by non-experts. This will include options for varying the IHAs and associated thresholds used in the analysis as well as enhancing outputs to aid the interpretation of results. Outputs will include a headline summary of risk of change using a "traffic light" system as well as more detail on changes in each component IHAs. ERFA will be applied to a wide range of scenarios (>50) already available from coupled hydrological / hydraulic modelling of the Mekong Basin. An Expert Group drawn from relevant water / environmental management agencies, university academics and other individuals within Cambodia will use results to tune the options within the environmental flow methodology so that ERFA derived risks of change match expert opinion. This Cambodian tuning will be hard-coded into the ERFA code (developed in R) that will be freely distributed via the CEH Environmental Information Date Centre.Sub-catchments of the Tonle Sap that are wholly or largely constrained within Cambodia's borders and for which hydrological models are already available will be selected to represent the diversity of environmental and resource use characteristics within the nation's river systems. These sub-catchments will provide demonstration cases for the Cambodian tuned ERFA. With the Expert Group we will define a series of Cambodian-wide and sub-catchment specific scenarios for simulation. The latter will reflect the characteristics of each sub-catchment and current / planned water resource uses. They could include increases in the extent of natural vegetation removal and changes to current water abstractions. Cambodian-wide scenarios will focus on climate change-related modifications to meteorological inputs. Baseline (original) and scenario river discharges from these scenarios for each model will be applied to the Cambodian-tuned ERFA.A major dissemination meeting will launch the Cambodian-tuned ERFA. Participants will include scientists, environmental practitioners and decision / policy makers in Cambodia. In order to increase the potential for wider application of ERFA within the Mekong Basin, National Mekong Committees of other riparian states will also be invited. Stakeholder engagement will include hand-on demonstrations of ERFA using results from the demonstration sub-catchments and Mekong-wide models.

环境流量描述了维持重要的经济、社会和生态系统服务所需的河流流量状况。已经建立了一系列评估环境流量要求的方法。变异性范围方法（RVA）使用水文变化指标（IHA），这是一种比较自然和改变的水流状态的统计技术。项目团队加强了RVA / IHA方法，以提供一种方法（流量变化的生态风险- ERFA），该方法根据覆盖整个流量状态（包括对河流生态系统产生不同影响的低流量和高流量）的IHA数量超过指定阈值来分配变化风险。这项工作在湄公河流域进行了试验，并在NERC的资助下进一步发展到印度和孟加拉国的集水区。由于水资源计划、快速发展和广泛的土地利用变化，柬埔寨的河流正面临越来越大的压力。气候变化的区域影响也被证明是不确定的。由于许多柬埔寨人严重依赖河流和相关水生生态系统提供的生态系统服务，因此迫切需要引入环境流量评估的最佳做法，并建立案例研究，以证明其在柬埔寨境内的应用。这将允许将环境流量纳入制定水资源管理计划和政策以及制定气候变化适应战略。我们将增强现有的ERFA代码，将其从专家系统转换为非专家更容易使用的工具。这将包括改变分析中使用的综合指标和相关阈值的备选办法，以及加强产出以帮助解释结果。产出将包括使用“交通灯”系统的变化风险的标题摘要，以及关于每个组成部分iha变化的更多细节。ERFA将应用于湄公河流域水文/水力耦合模型中已有的广泛情景（bbb50）。一个由柬埔寨境内有关水/环境管理机构、大学学者和其他个人组成的专家组将利用结果调整环境流量方法内的备选方案，使环境流量评估得出的变化风险符合专家意见。柬埔寨的调整将硬编码到ERFA代码中（以R语言编写），该代码将通过CEH环境信息数据中心免费分发。洞里萨湖的子集水区全部或大部分被限制在柬埔寨境内，并且已经有水文模型可用，将被选择来代表该国河流系统内环境和资源利用特征的多样性。这些分集水区将为柬埔寨调整的ERFA提供示范案例。与专家组一起，我们将确定一系列柬埔寨范围内和分流域特定情景进行模拟。后者将反映每个子集水区的特点和目前/计划的水资源用途。它们可能包括增加自然植被移除的程度和改变目前的取水方式。柬埔寨范围内的情景将侧重于与气候变化有关的对气象输入的修改。每个模型的这些情景的基线（原始）和情景河流流量将应用于柬埔寨调整的ERFA。一个重要的宣传会议将启动以柬埔寨语为调的ERFA。与会者将包括柬埔寨的科学家、环境从业人员和决策者。为扩大ERFA在湄公河流域的应用潜力，还将邀请其他沿岸国家的湄公河国家委员会。利益攸关方的参与将包括利用示范子流域和湄公河流域模型的结果进行ERFA的实践示范。

项目成果

Increasing Risk of Ecological Change to Major Rivers of the World With Global Warming

• DOI: 10.1029/2021ef002048
• 发表时间: 2021-10
• 期刊: Earth's Future
• 作者: J. Thompson;S. Gosling;Jamal Zaherpour;C. Laizé

Impacts of climate change on environmental flows in West Africa's Upper Niger Basin and the Inner Niger Delta

气候变化对西非上尼日尔盆地和内尼日尔三角洲环境流的影响

• DOI: 10.2166/nh.2021.041
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Hydrology Research
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Thompson J