GENE EFFECTS ON STRENGTH RESPONSES TO AGE AND EXERCISE

描述：(申请人提供)肌肉力量和肌肉的丧失 老年人的体重随年龄增长(骨量减少)和力量训练增加 有很好的记录，但这些反应在个人之间有很大的不同。这 个体间的巨大变异性以及双胞胎研究表明 力量和肌肉质量差异的主要部分可以解释 通过遗传，表明遗传因素可能解释了很大一部分 个体间力量和肌肉质量对衰老的反应差异 力量训练。在最近的一项初步研究中，我们观察到一种常见的 睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)基因座的多态性是一种 与年龄相关的力量水平的显著预测因素和常见的 胰岛素样生长因子II(IGF-Il)基因座的多态性为 与力量的增长显著相关 训练。此外，胰岛素样生长因子-L的基因多态性与肿瘤坏死因子 Alpha和IL-15受体基因座显示出与 力量和/或肌肉质量对力量训练的反应。因此，这 研究将在横截面和纵向两个方面检验我们的主要假设 研究表明，CNTF基因位点的多态会影响力量 老年人的水平和随年龄增长而失去的体力，以及 IGF-II基因的多态会影响力量和肌肉质量 老年女性和男性对力量训练的反应。我们还将测试 胰岛素样生长因子-L和肿瘤坏死因子α基因座多态性的探索性假说 会随着年龄的增长而影响力量和肌肉质量的下降，而且这种多态 在肿瘤坏死因子α和白介素15受体基因座上会影响力量或肌肉 老年女性和男性通过力量训练获得集体收益。调查结果一致 与我们的假设可能导致确定哪些最有可能需要 骨质疏松症的干预及分层强度的最佳方式 对受益最大的人进行培训。相反，识别出那些 力量训练最不能提高他们的力量和肌肉质量 让他们专注于对他们来说可能更有效的干预措施。

DESCRIPTION: (provided by applicant) Losses of muscular strength and muscle mass with age (sarcopenia) and gains with strength training in the elderly are well documented, but these responses vary substantially among individuals. This large interindividual variability and the fact that twin studies show that a major portion of the variance in strength and muscle mass can be accounted for by heredity, suggest that genetic factors may explain a large portion of interindividual differences in strength and muscle mass responses to aging and strength training. In a recent pilot study, we observed that a common polymorphism at the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) gene locus was a significant predictor of age-associated strength levels and that a common polymorphism at the insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-Il) gene locus was significantly associated with strength increases in response to strength training. Moreover, polymorphisms at the IGF-l, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, and IL-15 receptor gene loci showed a pattern for being associated with strength and/or muscle mass response to strength training. Therefore, this study will test our primary hypotheses in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, that the polymorphism at the CNTF gene locus will affect strength levels in older persons and losses in strength with age, and that the polymorphism at the IGF-II gene locus will affect strength and muscle mass responses to strength training in elderly women and men. We will also test exploratory hypotheses that polymorphisms at the IGF-l, and TNF alpha gene loci will affect losses in strength and muscle mass with age and that a polymorphism at the TNF alpha and IL-15 receptor gene Loci will affect strength or muscle mass gains with strength training in elderly women and men. Findings consistent with our hypotheses could result in identifying those most likely to need interventions for sarcopenia and the optimal manner of stratifying strength training to those benefiting the most. Conversely, identifying persons who improve their strength and muscle mass the least with strength training would allow them to focus on interventions that might be more efficacious for them.