GENE EFFECTS ON STRENGTH RESPONSES TO AGE AND EXERCISE

描述：（由申请人提供）肌肉力量和肌肉的损失 随着年龄的增长（肌肉减少症）和增益与老年人的力量训练是 这些反应都是有据可查的，但每个人的反应差别很大。这 大的个体间差异和事实，双胞胎的研究表明， 力量和肌肉质量差异的主要部分可以解释 遗传，表明遗传因素可以解释很大一部分 力量和肌肉质量对衰老反应的个体间差异， 力量训练在最近的一项试点研究中，我们观察到， 睫状神经营养因子（CNTF）基因位点的多态性是一种 与年龄相关的力量水平的重要预测因素， 在胰岛素样生长因子II（IGF-II）基因位点的多态性， 与强度响应强度增加显著相关 训练此外，IGF-1、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF） α和IL-15受体基因位点显示出与 力量和/或肌肉质量对力量训练的反应。因此本 本研究将在横向和纵向两个方面检验我们的主要假设 研究表明，CNTF基因位点的多态性会影响力量 老年人的水平和随着年龄的增长而丧失的力量， IGF-II基因位点的多态性将影响力量和肌肉质量 对老年男女力量训练的反应。我们还将测试 IGF-1和TNF α基因位点的多态性 会影响力量和肌肉质量随着年龄的增长而减少， 在TNF α和IL-15受体基因位点的基因会影响力量或肌肉 老年妇女和男子通过力量训练获得体重。一致的结果 与我们的假设相结合可以确定那些最有可能需要 肌肉减少症的干预措施和分层力量的最佳方式 培训受益最多的人。相反，查明 提高他们的力量和肌肉质量最少的力量训练将 让他们专注于可能对他们更有效的干预措施。

DESCRIPTION: (provided by applicant) Losses of muscular strength and muscle mass with age (sarcopenia) and gains with strength training in the elderly are well documented, but these responses vary substantially among individuals. This large interindividual variability and the fact that twin studies show that a major portion of the variance in strength and muscle mass can be accounted for by heredity, suggest that genetic factors may explain a large portion of interindividual differences in strength and muscle mass responses to aging and strength training. In a recent pilot study, we observed that a common polymorphism at the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) gene locus was a significant predictor of age-associated strength levels and that a common polymorphism at the insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-Il) gene locus was significantly associated with strength increases in response to strength training. Moreover, polymorphisms at the IGF-l, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, and IL-15 receptor gene loci showed a pattern for being associated with strength and/or muscle mass response to strength training. Therefore, this study will test our primary hypotheses in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, that the polymorphism at the CNTF gene locus will affect strength levels in older persons and losses in strength with age, and that the polymorphism at the IGF-II gene locus will affect strength and muscle mass responses to strength training in elderly women and men. We will also test exploratory hypotheses that polymorphisms at the IGF-l, and TNF alpha gene loci will affect losses in strength and muscle mass with age and that a polymorphism at the TNF alpha and IL-15 receptor gene Loci will affect strength or muscle mass gains with strength training in elderly women and men. Findings consistent with our hypotheses could result in identifying those most likely to need interventions for sarcopenia and the optimal manner of stratifying strength training to those benefiting the most. Conversely, identifying persons who improve their strength and muscle mass the least with strength training would allow them to focus on interventions that might be more efficacious for them.