ULTRAFAST TEMPERATURE JUMP METHODS

高能激光脉冲（300？J- 2 mJ）的能量激发了 溶液中的吸收性染料。 这些染料充当热转换器， 吸收光能并将其转化为热能。 这 热能在大约100 ℃下扩散到整个本体溶剂中。 100 ps， 将溶剂的温度升高约8-10 ℃。这 现象已被用来诱导构象变化 与蛋白质的解折叠有关。 超快红外探测器 被开发来监测这些变化的动力学。 鲜明 在核糖核酸酶A中观察到ns时间尺度的变化。进一步 正在对设备进行修改以允许观察 在ps到ms时间尺度上的光谱变化。 此外，光学 产生了近红外脉冲的参量产生。 的 脉冲可以直接泵送溶剂模式，造成温度上升。 正在考虑其他蛋白质候选物，特别是那些 它们经历了寒冷 自然化 这样我们就可以观察到 与折叠过程相关。

Energetic laser pulses (300 ?J- 2 mJ) have been utilized to excite absorptive dyes in solution. These dyes act as heat transducers, taking the optical energy and converting it to thermal energy. This thermal energy diffuses throughout the bulk solvent in ca. 100 ps, raising the temperature of the solvent on the order of 8-10 C. This phenomena has been utilized to induce conformational changes associated with unfolding in proteins. Ultrafast infrared probes have been developed to monitor the kinetics of these changes. Distinctive changes have been observed on a ns timescale in RNase A. Further modifications are being made to the apparatus to allow for observation of spectral changes on the ps to ms timescale. In addition, optical parametric generation of near-IR pulses are being generated. The pulses can pump solvent modes directly, creating temperature rise. Other protein candidates are being considered, in particular those which undergo cold naturation such that we may observe changes associated with the folding processes.