GENETIC AND EXPERIENTIAL INFLUENCES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMATE VOCAL BEHAVIOR

Z01 HD 01124-09 LCE和一个配套项目研究了灵长类动物从感受器到雨林的听觉交流。这些研究的总体目标是从发育、神经机制、相关内分泌因素和社会背景等方面全面了解灵长类听觉交流。两个非人类灵长类物种，松鼠猴和普通绒猴是主要的研究对象，其他数据是通过合作研究从更广泛的物种收集的，包括恒河猴和人类。本项目从生物声学的角度研究灵长类动物的交流，重点是发声的详细声学结构，结构差异与年龄、性别和经验等个人变量的关系，以及社会背景和遗传背景等更广泛的因素。1999财年的新发现是：(A)有证据表明，自由放养的雄性松鼠猴在前一年观察到的NIH社会群体中的雌性松鼠猴发出了相同的发声；(B)作为既定社会群体成员生活的雌性松鼠猴的发声行为强烈依赖于测试环境的身体特征；(C)普通的幼猴在出生的第一个月会明显地喋喋不休，但这似乎反映了大脑发育的不成熟，而不是强制性的经验发育阶段；(D)在自然环境和受控环境中经历短暂社会分离的幼年恒河猴的发声行为被发现在呼叫率上相似，但不同之处在于受控环境中的叫声行为由相似发声的长序列组成，而在自然主义环境中的叫声行为由不同叫声类型的频繁交替组成。-行为发育、灵长类、生物声学

Z01 HD 01124-09 LCE and a companion project investigate auditory communication in primates from receptors to the rainforest. The overall goal of these studies is to provide a comprehensive understanding of primate auditory communication in terms of development, neural mechanisms, related endocrine factors, and social context. Two non-human primate species, the squirrel monkey and the common marmoset, are the main subjects of study, with additional data collected in collaborative studies from a wider range of species, including rhesus macaques and humans. The present project studies primate communication from a bioacoustic perspective, focusing on the detailed acoustic structure of vocalizations and the relationship of structural differences to individual variables such as age, gender, and experience, as well as the broader factors of social context and genetic background. New findings during FY99 were (a) evidence that male squirrel monkeys in a free-ranging troop produced the same vocalizations following female calling observed the previous year in our social groups at the NIH; (b) the vocal behavior of female squirrel monkeys living as members of established social groups strongly depends on the physical characteristics of the testing environment; (c) infant common marmosets engage in apparent babbling during the first month of life, but this seems to be a reflection of immature brain development rather than an obligatory experiential stage of development; (d) the vocal behavior of infant rhesus macaques experiencing brief periods of social separation in a naturalistic and a controlled environment was found to be similar in rate of calling, but differed in that the calling behavior in the controlled setting consisted of long sequences of similar vocalizations, whereas the calling behavior in the naturalistic setting consisted of frequent alternation of different call types. - behavioral development, primates, bioacoustics