GENETIC AND EXPERIENTIAL INFLUENCES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMATE VOCAL BEHAVIOR

LCE和一个同伴项目研究灵长类动物从受体到雨林的听觉交流。这些研究的总体目标是从发育、神经机制、相关内分泌因素和社会环境等方面全面了解灵长类动物的听觉交流。两种非人类灵长类动物，松鼠猴和普通狨猴，是研究的主要对象，其他数据是在合作研究中从更广泛的物种收集的，包括恒河猴和人类。本项目从生物声学的角度研究灵长类动物的交流，重点关注发声的详细声学结构和结构差异与个体变量（如年龄、性别和经验）的关系，以及社会背景和遗传背景等更广泛的因素。1999财年的新发现有：(a)有证据表明，自由放养的雄性松鼠猴发出的叫声与前一年在美国国立卫生研究院的社会群体中观察到的雌性松鼠猴发出的叫声相同；(b)作为既定社会群体成员生活的雌性松鼠猴的发声行为在很大程度上取决于测试环境的物理特征；(c)普通狨猴婴儿在出生后的第一个月明显会咿呀学语，但这似乎是大脑发育不成熟的反映，而不是必须经历的发展阶段；(d)短期社会分离的猕猴幼崽在自然环境和受控环境中的鸣叫率相似，但不同之处在于受控环境中的鸣叫行为由长序列的相似鸣叫组成，而自然环境中的鸣叫行为由不同鸣叫类型的频繁交替组成。-行为发展，灵长类动物，生物声学

Z01 HD 01124-09 LCE and a companion project investigate auditory communication in primates from receptors to the rainforest. The overall goal of these studies is to provide a comprehensive understanding of primate auditory communication in terms of development, neural mechanisms, related endocrine factors, and social context. Two non-human primate species, the squirrel monkey and the common marmoset, are the main subjects of study, with additional data collected in collaborative studies from a wider range of species, including rhesus macaques and humans. The present project studies primate communication from a bioacoustic perspective, focusing on the detailed acoustic structure of vocalizations and the relationship of structural differences to individual variables such as age, gender, and experience, as well as the broader factors of social context and genetic background. New findings during FY99 were (a) evidence that male squirrel monkeys in a free-ranging troop produced the same vocalizations following female calling observed the previous year in our social groups at the NIH; (b) the vocal behavior of female squirrel monkeys living as members of established social groups strongly depends on the physical characteristics of the testing environment; (c) infant common marmosets engage in apparent babbling during the first month of life, but this seems to be a reflection of immature brain development rather than an obligatory experiential stage of development; (d) the vocal behavior of infant rhesus macaques experiencing brief periods of social separation in a naturalistic and a controlled environment was found to be similar in rate of calling, but differed in that the calling behavior in the controlled setting consisted of long sequences of similar vocalizations, whereas the calling behavior in the naturalistic setting consisted of frequent alternation of different call types. - behavioral development, primates, bioacoustics