Physiological Correlates And Neural Mechanisms Of Vocal

发声的生理相关性和神经机制

• 批准号: 6992830
• 负责人: John D Newman
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6992830
• 关键词: Callithricidae; Saimiri; animal communication behavior; animal developmental psychology; behavioral /social science research tag; brain electrical activity; cingulate gyrus; cortisol; fos protein; functional magnetic resonance imaging; hypothalamus; immunocytochemistry; juvenile animal; neuroendocrine system; neuropsychology; parent offspring interaction; periaqueductal gray matter; play; prolactin; psychoacoustics; psychophysiology; social behavior; species difference; vocalization

Z01 HD 001123-13 LCE and Z01 HD 001124-13 LCE are companion projects that together investigate auditory communication in primates. The overall goal of these studies is to provide a comprehensive understanding of primate auditory communication in terms of development, neural mechanisms, endocrine factors, and social context. Two non-human primates, the squirrel monkey and common marmoset, are the main subjects of study, with additional data collected from other species where appropriate. Prior work in this project has shown that production of sounds that are the functional and acoustic equivalents of cry sounds in human infants are mediated by limbic cortex located along the anterior midline of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex, and that single neural elements in the auditory cortex (superior temporal gyrus) are particularly responsive to subtle differences in the acoustic structure of species-specific vocalizations, suggesting an important role in mediating individual differences (vocal signatures). Studies of endocrine mechanisms in marmosets have shown that endogenous prolactin levels correlate with carrying time in infant retrieval tests, and that reducing prolactin by administering bromocryptine (a dopamine agonist) disrupts infant retrieval. Using a method for collecting urine samples noninvasively from social groups of squirrel monkeys has shown that prolactin is elevated when infants are present in this species, as well. The impact of actively playing juveniles on adult stress levels has been tested in squirrel monkey groups, with elevated cortisol (a measure of stress) associated with the presence of playing juveniles. New findings are (a) immunocytochemical processing for expression of Fos (the protein product of the c-fos gene) in brain sections from infant and adult marmosets and adult squirrel monkeys following a period of robust vocalizing revealed label in the hypothalamus, preoptic area, periaqueductal gray of the midbrain, and in the anterior cingulate gyrus (which has been implicated in production of adult vocalizations in squirrel monkeys); (b) collaborative studies involving human parents and their infants showed that parents can select their own infant's cry from an audio library including the cries of unfamiliar infants with high reliability. Imaging the brains of some of these parents (using BOLD fMRI) while presenting the parents' own infant cries as stimuli revealed that mothers had greater activation than fathers and some of the areas of the mothers' brains that were activated were not activated in fathers.

Z01 HD 001123-13 LCE和Z01 HD 001124-13 LCE是合作项目，共同研究灵长类动物的听觉交流。这些研究的总体目标是从发育、神经机制、内分泌因素和社会环境等方面全面了解灵长类动物的听觉交流。两种非人类灵长类动物，松鼠猴和普通狨猴，是研究的主要对象，并在适当情况下从其他物种收集额外数据。该项目之前的工作表明，人类婴儿哭声的功能和声学等效声音的产生是由位于大脑皮层额叶前中线的边缘皮层介导的，并且听觉皮层（颞上回）中的单个神经元素对物种特定发声的声学结构的细微差异特别敏感。表明在调节个体差异（声音特征）中起重要作用。对狨猴内分泌机制的研究表明，在婴儿取回测试中，内源性催乳素水平与携带时间相关，并且通过给予溴隐碱（一种多巴胺激动剂）来减少催乳素会扰乱婴儿取回。使用一种无创收集松鼠猴社会群体尿液样本的方法表明，在这个物种中，当婴儿存在时，催乳素也会升高。在松鼠猴群体中，积极玩耍的幼猴对成年压力水平的影响已经进行了测试，皮质醇（一种压力测量）的升高与玩耍的幼猴的存在有关。新的发现是：(a)在下丘脑、视前区、中脑导水管周围灰质和前扣带回（这与松鼠猴成年发声的产生有关）一段时间内，婴儿和成年狨猴和成年松鼠猴的大脑部分中Fos （c-fos基因的蛋白产物）表达的免疫细胞化学处理；(b)涉及人类父母和婴儿的合作研究表明，父母可以从包括不熟悉婴儿哭声的音频库中选择自己婴儿的哭声，可靠性很高。对其中一些父母的大脑进行成像（使用BOLD功能磁共振成像），同时将父母自己婴儿的哭声作为刺激，结果显示，母亲的大脑比父亲的更活跃，而且母亲大脑中被激活的一些区域在父亲身上没有被激活。