Physiological Correlates and Neural Mechanisms of Vocal Communication

声音交流的生理相关性和神经机制

• 批准号: 6432555
• 负责人: John D Newman
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6432555
• 关键词: Alzheimer's disease; Macaca mulatta; animal communication behavior; audiotape; behavioral /social science research tag; cryings; dementia; gender difference; human subject; infant animal; neurophysiology; vocalization

Z01 HD 01123-10 LCE and Z01 HD 01124-10 LCE are companion projects that together investigate auditory communication in primates. The overall goal of these studies is to provide a comprehensive understanding of primate auditory communication in terms of development, neural mechanisms, endocrine factors, and social context. Two non-human primates, the squirrel monkey and common marmoset, are the main subjects of study, with additional data collected from other species where appropriate. Prior work in this project has shown that production of sounds that are the functional and acoustic equivalents of cry sounds in human infants are mediated by ?limbic? cortex located along the anterior midline of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex, and that single neural elements in the auditory cortex (superior temporal gyrus) are particularly responsive to subtle differences in the acoustic structure of species-specific vocalizations, suggesting an important role in mediating individual differences (?vocal signatures?). Studies of endocrine mechanisms have shown that endogenous prolactin levels correlate with carrying time in infant retrieval tests, and that reducing prolactin by administering bromocryptine (a dopamine agonist) disrupts infant retrieval. New findings for FY2000 are (a) play behavior in juvenile marmosets is increased by administering the opiate agonist morphine sulfate peripherally, and decreased by the opiate antagonist naloxone; (b) prolactin levels of adult female squirrel monkeys are significantly associated with amount of affiliative behavior that they engage in with infants in their group (where the females serve as ?aunts? to the infants born to other females in the group); (c) a new model of brain organization, the ?communicating brain,? posits that a suite of neural structures found in all land vertebrates and shown to be directly involved in vocal production have experienced a conservative evolutionary history, and mediate the same functional categories of vocalizations in a wide range of species, including humans.

Z01 HD 01123-10 LCE 和 Z01 HD 01124-10 LCE 是配套项目，共同研究灵长类动物的听觉交流。 这些研究的总体目标是从发育、神经机制、内分泌因素和社会背景方面全面了解灵长类动物的听觉交流。 两种非人类灵长类动物，松鼠猴和普通狨猴，是研究的主要对象，并在适当的情况下从其他物种收集了额外的数据。 该项目之前的工作表明，在功能和声学上相当于人类婴儿哭声的声音的产生是由“边缘系统”介导的。大脑皮层位于大脑皮层额叶前中线，听觉皮层（颞上回）中的单个神经元件对物种特异性发声的声学结构的细微差异特别敏感，这表明在调节个体差异（？声音特征？）中发挥着重要作用。 内分泌机制的研究表明，内源性催乳素水平与婴儿检索测试中的怀胎时间相关，并且通过施用溴隐亭（多巴胺激动剂）来减少催乳素会破坏婴儿检索。 2000 财年的新发现是：(a) 外周施用阿片激动剂硫酸吗啡可增加幼年狨猴的玩耍行为，而阿片拮抗剂纳洛酮可减少幼年狨猴的玩耍行为； (b) 成年雌性松鼠猴的催乳素水平与它们与群体中的婴儿进行的亲和行为显着相关（雌性松鼠猴充当群体中其他雌性所生婴儿的“阿姨”）； (c) 一种新的大脑组织模型，“沟通大脑”，？假设在所有陆地脊椎动物中发现的一套神经结构，并被证明直接参与发声，经历了保守的进化历史，并在包括人类在内的广泛物种中介导相同的发声功能类别。