PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL BASIS OF CELL AND TISSUE EXCITABILITY

这项工作的主要目标是了解细胞和组织兴奋性的物理化学基础。被广泛接受的神经兴奋性理论不能解释我们观察到的几个重要现象，如与兴奋时间进程相一致的快速体积和温度变化。我们的发现表明，神经轴突浅层原生质层的肿胀和产热是兴奋性的先决条件。最近，我们研究了青蛙粘膜和颗粒性皮肤腺对肾上腺素能刺激的机械反应。在这个系统中，我们还观察到了刺激后迅速膨胀或迅速收缩的模式。发生在腺细胞胞质凝胶中的体积变化被认为是所观察到的机械反应的原因。我们还证明了动作电位的开始伴随着神经细胞和纤维表层的不连续的体积变化，并获得了与这种兴奋相关的神经细胞、纤维和突触中存在一级相变(涉及体积和温度变化)的证据。为了了解这些温度和体积变化的物理化学基础，我们研究了合成阴离子凝胶在生理条件下的行为，它在结构上与神经纤维的轴膜有一些相似之处。-二价、单价、离子交换、神经、兴奋性

The primary goal of this work is to understand the physical- chemical basis of cell and tissue excitability. Widely accepted theories of nerve excitability do not explain several important phenomena that we have observed, such as rapid volume and temperature changes that coincide with the time course of excitation. Our findings indicate that swelling and heat production in the superficial protoplasmic layer of nerve axons is a prerequisite for excitatability. Recently, we have investigated the mechanical response of mucosal and granular skin glands in frog to adrenergic stimulation. In this system, we have also observed a pattern of either rapid swelling or rapid shrinking following stimulation. Volume changes occurring in the cytoplasmic gel of the gland cells are considered to be responsible for the observed mechanical response.We have also demonstated that the onset of an action potential is accompanied by a discontinuous volume change in the superficial layer of nerve cells and fibers, and have obtained evidence for the existence of a first-order phase transition (involving volume and temperature changes) in nerve cells, fibers, and synapses associated with this excitation.To understand the physical chemical basis of these temperature and volume changes, we are studying the behavior of synthetic anionic gels under physiological conditions, which share some structural similarities with the axolemma of nerve fibers. - divalent, monovalent, ion exchange, nerve, excitability