STUDY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES IN THE BLSA

在过去的一年里，我们报道了VO2max估计的体力活动和心血管健康之间的关系。根据目前被接受的特定身体活动的氧气利用估计，巴尔的摩对老年受试者进行100次活动的纵向研究时间被转换为METS*分钟。METS是一种标准的氧气利用方式，可以根据身体大小进行调整。然后将100项活动分为三类：低水平活动(&lt；4个蛋氨酸)、中等水平活动(4-6个蛋氨酸)和高水平活动(&gt；6个蛋氨酸)。心血管健康状况与高水平活动(r=.32)、中等水平活动(r=.15)、体型(BMI)(r=-.32)和年龄(r=-.58)显著相关。在这些变量的多变量分析中，体力活动独立解释了VO2max的1.6%的变异，而与年龄和BMI分享了约10%的变异。使用回归模型，我们估计，对于一个普通人来说，增加他们的最大摄氧量10%需要每天35-40分钟的高水平活动和150分钟的中等水平活动。这些计算支持了最近卫生局局长关于日常体力活动的建议的一般概念。我们研究了心血管健康水平或体力活动是否是男性死亡率的独立危险因素。根据VO2max的评估，心血管健康是所有原因和心脏死亡的强大独立贡献者。体力活动很重要，但与健身的程度不同。有趣的是，高强度的体力活动是老年男性(60岁)的独立危险因素，而不是年轻男性，而心血管健康在所有年龄段都很重要。如果体力活动对生存和健康很重要，我们应该根据绝对规模或年龄调整的规模来判断活动水平。我们已经在BLSA中探索了这个问题，并发现通过使用绝对标尺，体力活动水平会随着年龄的增长而减少。使用年龄调整的量表，体力活动水平随着年龄的增长而增加。虽然相对量表在检验活动和幸福感之间的关系方面可能很有价值，但它们导致了关于老年人体能的错误结论。

Over the past year, we have reported the relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular fitness as estimated by VO2max. Based on currently accepted estimates of oxygen utilization for specific physical activities, the time Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging subjects spent doing 100 activities was converted to METS*minutes. METS is a standard way to express oxygen utilization that adjusts for body size. The 100 activities were then divided into three categories: low level activity (<4 METS), moderate level activity (4-6 METS), and high level activity (>6 METS). Cardiovascular fitness was significantly correlated with high level activity (r=.32), moderate level activity (r=.15), body size (BMI) (r=-.32), and age (r=-.58). In multivariate analysis with these variables, physical activity independently explained 1.6% of the variance in VO2max while sharing about 10% of the variance with age and BMI. Using the regression models, we estimate that for an average individual to increase their VO2max 10% requires 35-40 minutes a day of high level activity and 150 minutes a day of moderate level activity. These calculations support the general concept of the recent Surgeon General recommendations for daily physical activity. We have examined whether the level of cardivascular fitness or physical activity are independent risk factors for mortality in men. Cardiovascular fitness, as assesse by VO2max, is a strong independent contributor to both all cause and cardiac mortality. Physical activity is important, not to the same degree as fitness. Of interest, high intensity physical activity was an independent risk factor in older men (>60 years) but not younger men, while cardiovascular fitness was important at all ages. If physical activity is important for survival and fitness, should we judge the levels of activity based on an absolute scale, or on an age-adjusted scale. We have explored this question in the BLSA, and found that by using an absolute scale, there is an age-associated decrement in the levels of physical activity. Using an age-adjusted scale, the level of physical activity increases with increasing age. While relative scales may be of value in examining the relationships between activity and well being, they lead to the wrong conclusions regarding the physical capacity of the elderly.