Measurement of the large scale structure of the Universe

等离子体填充宇宙的最初38万年的声学过程留下了两个重要的特征。它们在微波波段形成了天空亮度和偏振变化的图案，这是宇宙微波背景的各向异性。它们还在非常大的尺度上形成密度气泡。这里提出的研究是为了继续我们的计划，对这些声学涟漪进行开创性的测量。所有这些实验都遵循了我们对WMAP采取的非常成功的方法：一个小团队共同致力于整个项目，从构思、仪器设计和观察到分析到科学结果。我们通过他进行重要的敏感实验的方法证明了他的良好记录。在过去的一年里，我获得了突破奖(所谓的奥斯卡奖)，CASCA的比尔奖(他们的最高奖项)，并被《母板》杂志评为“年度最佳人物”。这种实验性的方法为培训年轻的研究人员和工程师提供了一个很好的环境。宇宙微波背景：CMB各向异性和极化的测量提供了精确的宇宙学测试。利用阿塔卡马宇宙学望远镜(ACT)，我们将CMB的测量扩展到比WMAP和Planck的角分辨率高5倍，首次探测到CMB的引力透镜，并首次测量到与之相比较的星系团的运动。有了我们计划用这一方案收集的数据，ACT数据将为中微子质量和哈勃常数提供有用的约束。通过在南极运行的BICEP，我们已经制作了迄今为止最灵敏的CMB偏振图，使我们能够通过它们独特的引力辐射偏振信号来研究在非常早期的宇宙中驱动宇宙暴涨的机制。CHAME：我是CHINE的PI，这是一台新型射电望远镜，致力于研究从0.8到2.5红移范围内的重子声振荡，这是暗能量在宇宙中占据主导地位的时期。我们于2017年9月完成了仪器的建造。我们期望在这笔赠款期间对氢气强度功率谱进行有用的测量。我们还为CHAME建造了接收器，使其能够在天空中搜索无线电瞬变，即所谓的快速射电爆发，并在不中断宇宙学调查的情况下测量来自北方天空中几乎所有已知脉冲星的信号。这些仪器运行良好，将在这项研究补助金的早期产生数据。HQP：我的实验室提供了一个独特的环境，年轻的研究人员可以在这里接触到科学仪器开发的整个生命周期以及它们在开创性实验中的使用。这反映在HQP实习生在主要大学担任教员职位和行业关键高科技职位的比例很高。

Acoustic processes in the plasma filling the Universe for the first 380,000 years have left two important signatures. They form a pattern of brightness and polarization variations on the sky at microwave wavelengths, the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background. They also form density bubbles on very large scales. The research proposed here is to continue our program of performing groundbreaking measurements of these acoustic ripples. All of these experiments follow the extraordinarily successful approach we took with WMAP: a small team works together on the full project from conception, instrument design and observations through analysis to scientific results. We have demonstrated an excellent track record with his approach of performing important sensitive experiments . Within the past year I have won the Breakthrough Prize (the so-called Oscars of Science) the Beals Award from CASCA (their highest award) and was named a 'Human of the Year' by Motherboard Magazine. This experimental approach provides an excellent setting for training of young researchers and engineers. The Cosmic Microwave Background: Measurement of the anisotropy and polarization of the CMB provides precise cosmological tests. With the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) we have extended CMB measurements to five times higher angular resolution than those of WMAP and Planck, made the first detection of gravitational lensing of the CMB and the first measurement the motion of galaxy clusters compared to it. With the data we propose to collect with this proposal the ACT data will provide useful constraints on neutrino masses and Hubble's constant. With Bicep, operating at the South Pole, we have produced the most sensitive maps of polarization of the CMB to date, allowing us to study the mechanisms which drove inflation in the very early Universe through their unique gravitational radiation polarization signature. CHIME: I am the PI of CHIME, a novel radio telescope dedicated to studying baryon acoustic oscillations over the redshift range from 0.8 to 2.5, the epoch when dark energy becomes dominant in the Universe. We completed construction of the instrument in September 2017. We expect useful measurements of the hydrogen intensity power spectrum over the period of this grant. We have also built receivers for CHIME which allow it to search the sky for radio-transients, the so-called Fast Radio Bursts, and to measure signals from nearly all known pulsars in the Northern sky without interrupting the cosmological survey. These instruments are working well and will produce data early in the period of this research grant. HQP: My laboratory provides a unique environment where young researchers are exposed to the full life cycle of development of scientific instruments and their use in groundbreaking experiments. This is reflected in a high rate of HQP trainees taking faculty positions at major universities and key high tech positions in industry.