Measurement of the large scale structure of the Universe

前38万年充满宇宙的等离子体的声学过程留下了两个重要的特征。它们在微波波段形成了天空中亮度和偏振变化的模式，即宇宙微波背景的各向异性。它们还会在非常大的尺度上形成密度气泡。这里提出的研究是继续我们的项目，对这些声波纹进行开创性的测量。所有这些实验都遵循了我们在WMAP中采取的非常成功的方法：一个小团队一起完成整个项目，从概念、仪器设计、观察到分析到科学结果。我们已经证明了他在进行重要敏感实验方面的良好记录。在过去的一年里，我获得了突破奖（所谓的科学界的奥斯卡），中国科学院的比尔斯奖（他们的最高奖项），并被主板杂志评为“年度人类”。这种实验方法为培养年轻的研究人员和工程师提供了良好的环境。宇宙微波背景：测量宇宙微波背景的各向异性和极化提供了精确的宇宙学测试。利用阿塔卡马宇宙学望远镜（ACT），我们将CMB测量的角度分辨率提高到WMAP和普朗克望远镜的5倍，首次探测到CMB的引力透镜效应，并首次测量了与之相比的星系团的运动。我们打算用这个方案收集的数据将为中微子质量和哈勃常数提供有用的约束条件。通过在南极运行的Bicep，我们制作了迄今为止最敏感的CMB极化图，使我们能够通过其独特的引力辐射极化特征研究早期宇宙中推动暴胀的机制。CHIME：我是CHIME的负责人，CHIME是一种新型射电望远镜，致力于研究0.8到2.5红移范围内的重子声学振荡，这是暗能量在宇宙中占据主导地位的时期。我们于2017年9月完成了仪器的建造。我们期望在这项拨款期间对氢强度功率谱进行有用的测量。我们还为CHIME建造了接收器，使其能够在天空中搜索无线电瞬变，即所谓的快速无线电爆发，并在不中断宇宙学调查的情况下测量来自北方天空中几乎所有已知脉冲星的信号。这些仪器工作良好，并将在本研究资助期间的早期产生数据。HQP：我的实验室提供了一个独特的环境，年轻的研究人员可以接触到科学仪器开发的整个生命周期，以及它们在突破性实验中的使用。这反映在HQP学员在主要大学担任教职和在行业中担任关键高科技职位的比例很高。

Acoustic processes in the plasma filling the Universe for the first 380,000 years have left two important signatures. They form a pattern of brightness and polarization variations on the sky at microwave wavelengths, the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background. They also form density bubbles on very large scales. The research proposed here is to continue our program of performing groundbreaking measurements of these acoustic ripples. All of these experiments follow the extraordinarily successful approach we took with WMAP: a small team works together on the full project from conception, instrument design and observations through analysis to scientific results. We have demonstrated an excellent track record with his approach of performing important sensitive experiments . Within the past year I have won the Breakthrough Prize (the so-called Oscars of Science) the Beals Award from CASCA (their highest award) and was named a 'Human of the Year' by Motherboard Magazine. This experimental approach provides an excellent setting for training of young researchers and engineers. The Cosmic Microwave Background: Measurement of the anisotropy and polarization of the CMB provides precise cosmological tests. With the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) we have extended CMB measurements to five times higher angular resolution than those of WMAP and Planck, made the first detection of gravitational lensing of the CMB and the first measurement the motion of galaxy clusters compared to it. With the data we propose to collect with this proposal the ACT data will provide useful constraints on neutrino masses and Hubble's constant. With Bicep, operating at the South Pole, we have produced the most sensitive maps of polarization of the CMB to date, allowing us to study the mechanisms which drove inflation in the very early Universe through their unique gravitational radiation polarization signature. CHIME: I am the PI of CHIME, a novel radio telescope dedicated to studying baryon acoustic oscillations over the redshift range from 0.8 to 2.5, the epoch when dark energy becomes dominant in the Universe. We completed construction of the instrument in September 2017. We expect useful measurements of the hydrogen intensity power spectrum over the period of this grant. We have also built receivers for CHIME which allow it to search the sky for radio-transients, the so-called Fast Radio Bursts, and to measure signals from nearly all known pulsars in the Northern sky without interrupting the cosmological survey. These instruments are working well and will produce data early in the period of this research grant. HQP: My laboratory provides a unique environment where young researchers are exposed to the full life cycle of development of scientific instruments and their use in groundbreaking experiments. This is reflected in a high rate of HQP trainees taking faculty positions at major universities and key high tech positions in industry.