Chemical Pathways to Life: Amino Acids and their Precursors in the ISM
生命的化学途径:ISM 中的氨基酸及其前体
基本信息
- 批准号:ST/M004139/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 30.8万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Research Grant
- 财政年份:2015
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2015 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The long-standing question about the emergence of life on Earth has attracted great interest among researchers and the general public for decades. One of the proposed scenarios involves the delivery of biologically important compounds such as amino acids on the primordial Earth by the impact of meteorites on the Earth's surface. In the early 90's, several works reported the discovery of more than seventy amino acids in meteorites, the majority of which have no known terrestrial occurrence. This finding supports the exogenous hypothesis for the origin of life. It is thus currently believed that amino acids may have formed in the interstellar medium, where complex organics, i.e. large carbon-based molecules, have been found. Laboratory experiments of highly energetic processes such as illumination by ultraviolet photons or bombardment by cosmic rays on interstellar ice analogs, have indeed found that these processes are very efficient in the production of large organic molecules and, in particular, in the formation of amino acids.Despite this progress in the past twenty years, the direct detection of amino acids in the interstellar medium remains elusive. Previous works focused on the search of amino acids in regions across the Galaxy where massive stars form. These regions are relatively hot, and are known to show an active chemistry which induces the production of large amounts of complex organics. The spectrum of light observed toward these regions is highly populated by molecular emission lines at millimeter and sub-millimeter wavelengths, resembling a forest of lines. In this highly populated spectra, the brightest line features correspond to the more abundant species in the interstellar medium. This makes the identification of less abundant species such as amino acids challenging. As a consequence, no firm detection of amino acids in the interstellar medium has been reported to date. In this research project, we will use a novel theoretical and observational approach to detect the simplest amino acids, glycine and alanine, in the interstellar medium. This approach considers that the initial stages in the formation of Solar-type systems, characterized by very cold temperatures (about 10 degrees above absolute zero), are better suited for the detection of amino acids. In a first step, the chemistry of glycine and alanine will be characterized theoretically assuming very cold conditions resembling those of young Solar-type systems. This will help us to infer the main chemical routes involved in the destruction and formation of glycine and alanine at cold temperatures. In a second step, we will perform theoretical modelling of the emission spectrum of these species. This will allow us to establish the parts of the spectrum of light where the probability to detect glycine and alanine is higher. Finally, we will perform deep observations of these species by using the unprecedented capabilities of the Atacama Large Millimeter/Sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) located on the Chajnantor plateau in Chile. The increased sensitivity of this facility (by more than a factor of 10 with respect to previous instrumentation) offers the opportunity, for the first time, to accomplish the detection of amino acids in space. This research not only will allow us to fully characterize the pre-biotic chemistry of amino acids, but will allow us to directly link the formation of these complex organics in the interstellar medium with their subsequent delivery onto planetary systems. The detection of amino acids at the early stages in the formation of Solar-type systems will represent a milestone in our understanding of the emergence of life on Earth.
关于地球上生命的出现这个长期存在的问题几十年来一直引起了研究人员和公众的极大兴趣。其中一种设想是通过陨石对地球表面的撞击将氨基酸等重要的生物化合物传递到原始地球。在90年代早期,有几篇文章报道了在陨石中发现了70多种氨基酸,其中大部分在陆地上都没有发现。这一发现支持了生命起源的外生假说。因此,目前认为氨基酸可能是在星际介质中形成的,在星际介质中发现了复杂的有机物,即大型碳基分子。高能过程的实验室实验,如紫外光子的照射或宇宙射线对星际冰类似物的轰击,确实发现这些过程在产生大型有机分子,特别是氨基酸的形成方面非常有效。尽管在过去的二十年中取得了这些进展,但直接探测星际介质中的氨基酸仍然是难以捉摸的。以前的工作集中在寻找银河系中大质量恒星形成区域的氨基酸。这些区域相对较热,并且已知显示出一种活跃的化学反应,可以诱导大量复杂有机物的产生。在这些区域观测到的光谱中,毫米和亚毫米波长的分子发射谱线密集,就像一个谱线森林。在这个高度密集的光谱中,最亮的线条特征对应于星际介质中更丰富的物种。这使得鉴定较少丰富的物种(如氨基酸)具有挑战性。因此,迄今为止还没有在星际介质中检测到氨基酸的报道。在这个研究项目中,我们将使用一种新的理论和观测方法来检测星际介质中最简单的氨基酸,甘氨酸和丙氨酸。这种方法认为,太阳型系统形成的初始阶段,其特点是温度非常低(大约比绝对零度高10度),更适合检测氨基酸。在第一步,甘氨酸和丙氨酸的化学性质将在理论上被表征,假设非常寒冷的条件类似于年轻的太阳型系统。这将有助于我们推断在低温下甘氨酸和丙氨酸的破坏和形成的主要化学途径。在第二步中,我们将对这些物种的发射光谱进行理论建模。这将使我们能够确定光谱中检测到甘氨酸和丙氨酸的概率更高的部分。最后,我们将利用位于智利Chajnantor高原的阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米阵列(ALMA)前所未有的能力对这些物种进行深入观测。该设备的灵敏度提高了(与以前的仪器相比提高了10倍以上),首次提供了在太空中完成氨基酸检测的机会。这项研究不仅将使我们能够充分表征氨基酸的生命前化学性质,而且将使我们能够直接将星际介质中这些复杂有机物的形成与随后的行星系统传递联系起来。在类太阳系形成的早期阶段检测到氨基酸,将是我们了解地球上生命出现的一个里程碑。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(5)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
Complex Organic Molecules tracing shocks along the outflow cavity in the high-mass protostar IRAS 20126+4104
复杂有机分子追踪高质量原恒星 IRAS 20126 4104 流出腔的激波
- DOI:10.1093/mnras/stx004
- 发表时间:2017
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:4.8
- 作者:Palau A
- 通讯作者:Palau A
Phosphorus-bearing molecules in solar-type star-forming regions: first PO detection
- DOI:10.1093/mnras/stw1918
- 发表时间:2016-07
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:4.8
- 作者:B. Lefloch;B. Lefloch;C. Vastel;C. Vastel;S. Viti;I. Jímenez-Serra;I. Jímenez-Serra;C. Codella;L. Podio;C. Ceccarelli;E. Mendoza;J. Lépine;R. Bachiller
- 通讯作者:B. Lefloch;B. Lefloch;C. Vastel;C. Vastel;S. Viti;I. Jímenez-Serra;I. Jímenez-Serra;C. Codella;L. Podio;C. Ceccarelli;E. Mendoza;J. Lépine;R. Bachiller
The Science Case for ALMA Band 2 and Band 2+3
ALMA Band 2 和 Band 2 3 的科学案例
- DOI:10.48550/arxiv.1602.02414
- 发表时间:2016
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Fuller G. A.
- 通讯作者:Fuller G. A.
First detection of methylisocyanate (CH3NCO) in a solar-type protostar
首次在太阳型原恒星中检测到甲基异氰酸酯(CH3NCO)
- DOI:
- 发表时间:2017
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Mart
- 通讯作者:Mart
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Richard Nelson其他文献
1 The EChO science case
1 EChO 科学案例
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2023 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
G. Tinetti;P. Drossart;P. Eccleston;P. Hartogh;K. Isaak;M. Linder;C. Lovis;G. Micela;M. Ollivier;L. Puig;I. Ribas;I. Snellen;B. Swinyard;F. Allard;J. Barstow;J. Cho;A. Coustenis;C. Cockell;A. Correia;L. Decin;R. Kok;P. Deroo;T. Encrenaz;F. Forget;A. Glasse;C. Griffith;T. Guillot;T. Koskinen;H. Lammer;J. Leconte;P. Maxted;I. Mueller;Richard Nelson;Chris North;E. Pallé;I. Pagano;G. Piccioni;D. Pinfield;F. Selsis;A. Sozzetti;L. Stixrude;J. Tennyson;D. Turrini;J. Beaulieu;D. Grodent;M. Guedel;D. Luz;H. Nørgaard;Tom Ray;H. Rickman;A. Selig;M. Swain;M. Banaszkiewicz;M. Barlow;N. Bowles;G. Branduardi‐Raymont;V. C. Foresto;J. Gérard;L. Gizon;A. Hornstrup;C. Jarchow;F. Kerschbaum;G. Kovács;P. Lagage;T. Lim;M. López;G. Malaguti;E. Pace;E. Pascale;B. Vandenbussche;G. Wright;G. R. Zapata;A. Adriani;R. Azzollini;A. Balado;I. Bryson;R. Burston;J. Colomé;M. Crook;A. D. Giorgio;M. Griffin;R. Hoogeveen;R. Ottensamer;R. Irshad;K. Middleton;G. Morgante;F. Pinsard;M. Rataj;J. Réess;G. Savini;J. Schrader;R. Stamper;B. Winter;L. Abe;M. Abreu;N. Achilleos;P. Ade;V. Adybekian;L. Affer;C. Agnor;M. Agúndez;C. Alard;J. Alcalá;C. Allende;Prieto;F. J. Alonso;Floriano;F. Altieri;C. A. Álvarez;Iglesias;P. Amado;A. Andersen;A. Aylward;C. Baffa;G. Bakos;P. Ballerini;M. Banaszkiewicz;R. Barber;D. Barrado;E. J. Barton;V. Batista;G. Bellucci;J. Belmonte;Avilés;D. Berry;B. Bézard;D. Biondi;I. Boisse;B. Bonfond;P. Bordé;P. Börner;H. Bouy;L. Brown;L. Buchhave;J. Budaj;A. Bulgarelli;M. Burleigh;A. Cabral;M. Capria;A. Cassan;C. Cavarroc;C. Cecchi;R. Cerulli;J. Chadney;S. Chamberlain;S. Charnoz;N. Christian;Jessen;A. Ciaravella;A. Claret;R. Claudi;A. Coates;R. Cole;A. Collura;D. Cordier;E. Covino;C. Danielski;M. Damasso;H. Deeg;E. Delgado;C. Vecchio;O. Demangeon;A. Sio;J. Wit;M. Dobrijevic;P. Doel;C. Dominic;E. Dorfi;S. Eales;C. Eiroa;M. Contreras;M. Esposito;V. Eymet;N. Fabrizio;M. Fernandez;B. F. Castellá;P. Figueira;G. Filacchione;L. Fletcher;M. Focardi;S. Fossey;P. Fouqué;J. Frith;M. Galand;L. Gambicorti;P. Gaulme;R. López;A. Garcia;W. Gear;J. Gérard;L. Gesa;E. Giani;F. Gianotti;M. Gillon;E. Giro;M. Giuranna;H. Gomez;I. Gómez;J. Gonzalez;Hernández;B. González;Merino;R. Graczyk;D. Grassi;J. Guàrdia;P. Guio;J. Gustin;P. Hargrave;J. Haigh;E. Hébrard;U. Heiter;R. L. Heredero;E. Herrero;F. Hersant;D. Heyrovský;M. Hollis;B. Hubert;R. Hueso;G. Israelian;N. Iro;P. Irwin;S. Jacquemoud;G. Jones;H. Jones;K. Justtanont;T. Kehoe;F. Kerschbaum;E. Kerins;P. Kervella;D. Kipping;T. Koskinen;N. Krupp;O. Lahav;B. Laken;N. Lanza;E. Lellouch;G. Leto;J. L. Goldaracena;C. Lithgow‐Bertelloni;S. J. Liu;U. L. Cicero;N. Lodieu;P. Lognonné;M. López‐Puertas;M. López‐Valverde;I. Rasmussen;A. Luntzer;P. Machado;C. MacTavish;A. Maggio;J. Maillard;W. Magnes;J. Maldonado;U. Mall;J. Marquette;P. Mauskopf;F. Massi;A. Maurin;A. Medvedev;C. Michaut;P. Miles;M. Montalto;P. Montañés;Rodríguez;M. Monteiro;D. Montes;H. Morais;J. Morales;M. Morales;G. Morello;A. M. Martin;J. Moses;A. Moya;Bedon;F. Murgas;Alcaino;E. Oliva;G. Orton;F. Palla;M. Pancrazzi;E. Pantin;V. Parmentier;H. Parviainen;K. Ramírez;J. Peralta;S. Pérez;R. Petrov;S. Pezzuto;R. Pietrzak;E. Pilat;N. Piskunov;R. Prinja;L. Prisinzano;I. Polichtchouk;E. Poretti;A. Radioti;A. A. Ramos;T. Rank;P. Read;K. Readorn;R. Lopez;J. Rebordão;M. Rengel;L. Rezac;M. Rocchetto;F. Rodler;V. Béjar;A. S. Lavega;E. Sanromá;N. Santos;J. S. Forcada;G. Scandariato;F. Schmider;A. Scholz;S. Scuderi;J. Sethenadh - 通讯作者:
J. Sethenadh
Anal fissure and lateral internal sphincterotomy
- DOI:
10.1007/s00053-020-00479-0 - 发表时间:
2020-08-18 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0.200
- 作者:
Richard Nelson - 通讯作者:
Richard Nelson
Veterans Affairs FreshConnectProduceRx: a study protocol for a pragmatic quasi-experimental study assessing health, healthcare costs, and implementation processes of a produce prescription program in VA medical centers
- DOI:
10.1186/s12889-025-23355-2 - 发表时间:
2025-07-03 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.600
- 作者:
Jorie M. Butler;Nipa Kamdar;Diana P. Brostow;Ronit Ridberg;Dariush Mozaffarian;Diana Johnson;Megan Bowman;Adam Shyevitch;Christine Going;Yue Zhang;Sara Napa;Joan Heusser;Steven Prater;Sandra Posada;Richard Nelson - 通讯作者:
Richard Nelson
Smokeless tobacco: current status and future directions.
无烟烟草:现状和未来方向。
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
1991 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Dorothy K. Hatsukami;Richard Nelson;Joni Jensen - 通讯作者:
Joni Jensen
THE IMPACT OF PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS ON RATES AND COST OF COMFORT CARE FOR INFANTS WITH CRITICAL CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
- DOI:
10.1016/s0735-1097(16)30923-8 - 发表时间:
2016-04-05 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Whitnee Hogan;L. LuAnn Minich;Michael Puchalski;Richard Nelson;Nelangi Pinto - 通讯作者:
Nelangi Pinto
Richard Nelson的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Richard Nelson', 18)}}的其他基金
Astronomy Research at Queen Mary
玛丽皇后学院的天文学研究
- 批准号:
ST/P000592/1 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 30.8万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Chemical Pathways to Life: Amino Acids and their Precursors in the ISM
生命的化学途径:ISM 中的氨基酸及其前体
- 批准号:
ST/M004139/2 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 30.8万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Astronomy Research at Queen Mary 2015-2018
玛丽女王大学天文学研究 2015-2018
- 批准号:
ST/M001202/1 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 30.8万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Planet Formation in Realistic Protostellar Disc Models
现实原恒星盘模型中的行星形成
- 批准号:
ST/F002823/1 - 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:
$ 30.8万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
A Research Programme on the Dynamics of Discs and Planets
圆盘和行星动力学研究计划
- 批准号:
ST/H004173/1 - 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:
$ 30.8万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
I/UCRC Center for Bioenergy Research and Development
I/UCRC 生物能源研究与开发中心
- 批准号:
0832522 - 财政年份:2008
- 资助金额:
$ 30.8万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Encounters: Radio Experiences in the North
遭遇:北方的广播经历
- 批准号:
0732438 - 财政年份:2007
- 资助金额:
$ 30.8万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Planetary Formation and Ring-Satellite Interactions
行星形成和环卫星相互作用
- 批准号:
PP/D002265/1 - 财政年份:2006
- 资助金额:
$ 30.8万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
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