VESTIBULAR REGULATION OF RESPIRATORY MUSCLE ACTIVITY

呼吸肌活动的前庭调节

• 批准号: 6379435
• 负责人: BILL J YATES
• 金额: $ 15.68万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-05-01 至 2002-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6379435
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; brain stem; cats; decerebration; ferrets; head movements; laryngeal nerves; medulla oblongata; motor neurons; neuronal transport; posture; pulmonary respiration; respiratory muscles; respiratory reflex; vagus nerve; vestibular apparatus; vestibular nerve; vestibular nuclei

DESCRIPTION: Our previous work has demonstrated that the vestibular system has strong influences on muscles that reduce respiration, including the diaphragm, abdominal muscles (the major expiratory muscles), and muscles at regulate the resistance of the upper airway. All of the respiratory outflows examined so far are most powerfully influenced by pitch rotations that activate otolith organs, with nose-up tilt increasing respiratory muscle activity. Nose-up tilt in quadrupeds also challenges breathing, suggesting that vestibulo-respiratory reflexes are important for maintaining stable ventilation during changes in posture. Presumably, deficits in vestibulo-respiratory responses would lead to unstable blood oxygenation during postural changes, as occurs in medical conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea. Our work has also shown that brainstem neurons in addition to those that generate the respiratory cycle relay vestibular signals to respiratory motoneurons. In this way, vestibulo-respiratory reflexes are similar to vomiting, which also involves contraction of respiratory muscles that is elicited in part by neurons outside the major brainstem respiratory groups. A common pool of brainstem neurons may mediate both responses. The aims of this renewal application fall into two groups. In the first two aims, we will further characterize the properties of vestibulo-respiratory reflexes in both decerebrate and awake animals, to provide a better appreciation of the physiological significance of these responses. We will examine how inputs from neck and vestibular receptors are integrated by respiratory pathways, and will test the hypothesis that vestibulo-respiratory reflexes have similar characteristics in awake animals as in decerebrate preparations. In the second group of specific aims, we will determine the neural pathways that relay vestibular signals to respiratory motoneurons. We will use neuroanatomical techniques to determine the locations of neurons outside of the major respiratory groups that project to respiratory motoneurons, and will analyze the responses of these neurons to vestibular stimulation. Knowledge about vestibular influences on respiratory muscles will be compared to existing information about other vestibulo-spinal reflexes, which may lead to new insights about the role of vestibular signals in motor control. In addition, these experiments will reveal the possible medical consequences of deficiencies in vestibulo-respiratory reflexes, and will provide evidence that will be important in providing treatments for these conditions. Thus, the proposed experiments have both scientific and potential clinical value.

描述：我们之前的工作已经证明前庭系统 对减少呼吸的肌肉有强烈影响，包括 膈肌、腹部肌肉（主要呼气肌肉）和肌肉 调节上呼吸道阻力。 所有呼吸系统 迄今为止检查的流出量受桨距旋转的影响最大 激活耳石器官，鼻子向上倾斜会增加呼吸 肌肉活动。 四足动物的鼻子向上倾斜也会挑战呼吸， 表明前庭呼吸反射对于维持 姿势变化时稳定通气。 据推测，赤字 前庭呼吸反应会导致血氧不稳定 在姿势改变期间，如在阻塞等医疗状况下发生的情况 睡眠呼吸暂停。 我们的工作还表明，脑干神经元除了 那些产生呼吸周期的将前庭信号传递给 呼吸运动神经元。 这样，前庭呼吸反射就 类似于呕吐，也涉及呼吸肌的收缩 部分是由主要脑干呼吸系统外部的神经元引起的 组。 共同的脑干神经元池可能介导这两种反应。 此续订申请的目的分为两类。 在前两个 目标，我们将进一步表征前庭呼吸的特性 去大脑和清醒动物的反射，以提供更好的 了解这些反应的生理意义。 我们将 检查颈部和前庭受体的输入如何整合 呼吸途径，并将检验以下假设： 清醒动物的前庭呼吸反射具有相似的特征 就像去大脑的准备一样。 在第二组具体目标中，我们 将确定将前庭信号传递给的神经通路 呼吸运动神经元。 我们将使用神经解剖学技术 确定主要呼吸群之外的神经元的位置 投射到呼吸运动神经元，并将分析 这些神经元受到前庭刺激。 关于前庭对呼吸肌影响的知识将是 与其他前庭脊髓反射的现有信息相比， 这可能会带来关于前庭信号在运动中的作用的新见解 控制。 此外，这些实验将揭示可能的医学 前庭呼吸反射缺陷的后果，并将 提供对这些疾病的治疗非常重要的证据 状况。 因此，所提出的实验既具有科学性又 潜在的临床价值。