Displaying Animal Death: The Politics of Transparency and the Production of National Identity in Industrial Pig Agriculture and Zookeeping in Denmark

丹麦动物屠宰的可见性与工业化社会中典型的隐瞒屠宰行为背道而驰。对透明度的重视通过丹麦屠宰场体现出来，该屠宰场为团体旅游提供便利，而在线旅游则向全球观众开放。这种可见性文化与世界上大多数屠宰场背道而驰，因为屠宰场已经被历史化、政治化，最近又被概念化为现代主义建筑。能见度一直被描绘为对肉类行业的威胁。然而，由于丹麦号称是世界上肉类消费量最高的国家之一，探索丹麦对待动物的态度和将屠宰视为奇观的概念的民族志将使隐形屠宰与肉类消费之间的联系成为问题。我将质疑丹麦的披露风气是否可能比传统的隐瞒模式更有效地操纵消费者的观点。在困难的语言训练方面，我将恢复密集的丹麦语课程，这将使我能够对丹麦屠宰场进行试点研究。我将在哥本哈根和霍森斯进行为期13个月的人种学田野调查。霍森斯是一个具有重要文化和历史意义的地方，1887年第一家生猪屠宰场在这里开业。我还将在哥本哈根动物园工作，该动物园已经表示有兴趣与这个项目合作；采访饲养员和参观者，探索公共解剖在动物园中的作用，同时也参与参与者观察。鉴于人类人类学实践的最新发展(英戈尔德，2013和科恩，2013)，我将重点关注动物不仅是分析的对象，而且是屠宰过程中的代理人。为了加强我的研究对更广泛的受众的影响，我还将努力通过使用摄影、录音和来自屠宰场的肉类样本，通过在画廊空间策划一个展览来重现我的田野工作的多感官体验。我预计，这项研究的结果将对更广泛的受众有很大帮助，如农业食品行业、非政府组织(EurSafe和食品诚信中心)、动物福利组织(欧元动物和世界农业同情心组织)、动物协会(欧洲动物园和水族馆协会)以及越来越积极参与的公众。此外，受益于我的导师Julien Dugnoille博士在人畜共患疾病流行病学方面的专业知识，以及考虑到世卫组织将加工肉类归类为致癌物质的报告，我的研究还将探讨猪MRSA的控制和增加不含抗生素猪的屠宰的举措。我将调查疾病风险和遏制措施如何牵涉到屠宰场内外的人们。因此，这项研究将丰富关于屠宰、人与动物关系和人畜共患疾病社会学的文献。这项工作将有助于食品社会学的文献，例证能见度和食品完整性之间的联系，并将加强对非人类动物自我的人类学研究。

The visibility of animal slaughter in Denmark stands in opposition to the concealment of slaughter typical of industrialised societies. The emphasis on transparency is embodied through a Danish slaughterhouse which facilitates group tours, while an online tour is accessible to a global audience. This culture of visibility stands in opposition to the majority of slaughterhouses around the world; as the slaughterhouse has been historicized, politicized and, more recently, conceptualised as a modernist construct. Visibility is persistently portrayed as a threat to the meat industry. However, because Denmark boasts one of the highest meat consumption rates in the world, an ethnography exploring Danish attitudes to animals and the concept of slaughter as spectacle will problematize the connection between invisibility of slaughter and meat consumption. I will challenge whether Denmark's ethos of disclosure is potentially manipulating consumer views more effectively than traditional modes of concealment. In terms of difficult language training, I will resume an intense Danish language course, which will allow me to conduct a pilot research study of the Danish slaughterhouse. I will conduct thirteen months of ethnographic fieldwork in Copenhagen and Horsens. Horsens is a culturally and historically significant location as the first pig slaughterhouse was opened there in 1887. I will also work in the Copenhagen Zoo that has already expressed an interest in collaboration with this project; interviewing keepers and visitors to explore the role of public dissections in zoos while also engaging in participant observation. In light of recent developments about the practice of an anthropology beyond humanity (Ingold, 2013 & Kohn, 2013), I will focus on perceiving the animal not only as an object of analysis but also as an agent in the slaughtering process. To enhance the impact of my research on wider audiences, I will also work towards recreating the multi-sensory experience of my fieldwork by using photography, sound recordings and meat samples sourced from the slaughterhouse by curating an exhibition in a gallery space. I anticipate the outcomes of this research to be of much use to wider audiences such as the agri-food industry, non-governmental organisations (EurSafe and The Centre for Food Integrity), animal welfare organisations (Eurogroup for Animals and Compassion in World Farming) and zoological associations (European Association of Zoos and Aquaria) as well as an increasingly engaged public. Furthermore, benefiting from my supervisor, Dr. Julien Dugnoille's expertise in the epidemiology of zoonotic diseases and considering the WHO report categorising processed meat as carcinogenic, my research will also explore the control of porcine MRSA and the initiative to increase the slaughter of antibiotic-free pigs. I will investigate how disease risk and containment implicates people both inside and outside the walls of the slaughterhouse. As such, this research will enrich the literature on slaughter, human-animal relationships and the sociology of zoonotic disease. The work will contribute to literature on the sociology of food, exemplifying the association between visibility and food integrity and will strengthen anthrozoological research into non-human animal self-hood.