Low-Level Constraints on High-Level Selection

对高层选择的低层约束

• 批准号: 6478336
• 负责人: ULRICH E MAYR
• 金额: $ 14.59万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF OREGON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-06-01 至 2006-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6478336
• 关键词: age difference; aging; attention; attitude; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition; human old age (65+); human subject; neural information processing; perception; psychic activity level; stimulus /response; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Mental sets are high-level representations that regulate lower-level selection of action. Despite the relevance of mental sets for coherent and purposeful action, relatively little is known about how they are selected and maintained in the face of internal or external interference. The central thesis of this proposal is that a better understanding of set-level processes can be attained by looking at interactions between mental sets and lower-level representations that constrain action in a bottom-up manner (i.e., locations of stimuli or response keys). Specifically, an automatic process is proposed that binds action-related lower-level representations (e.g., stimulus or response locations) to the mental set that is in control of the action. Bindings between set-level and low-level codes should usually be in the service of stable and coherent goal-directed action. However, such bindings may get in the way of efficient control when the association between low-level and high-level codes is ambiguous or highly variable. In particular, problems should occur when high-level control is impaired, as in some patient groups and, albeit to lesser degree also in the context of normal aging. Interference elicited from bindings between high-level and low-level codes may also lie at the heart of executive-control deficits observed in old adults. Therefore, in a majority of the proposed experiments I suggest to explore the hypothesis that old adults are much more negatively affected by ambiguous mappings between low-level and set-level aspects than young adults. Such a result would point to age-related difficulties with "keeping apart" high-level representations that share low-level elements. The proposed project promises a bridge between lower-level perceptual/attentional processes and executive processes as well as answers to the important question of age differences in executive control.

描述（由申请人提供）：心理定势是高层次的表征 控制低层次的行为选择尽管心理上的相关性 为连贯和有目的的行动设置，相对较少的是知道如何 他们是在面对内部或外部的选择和维护 干扰这项建议的中心论点是， 对集合级过程的理解可以通过观察交互作用来实现 心理定势和低层次的表征之间的关系， 自底向上方式（即，刺激或响应键的位置）。具体地说， 提出了一个自动化的过程， 表示（例如，刺激或反应位置）的心理设置， 是在控制行动。集合级代码和低级代码之间的绑定 通常应服务于稳定和连贯的目标导向的行动。 但是，当 低级代码和高级代码之间的关联是模糊的或高度模糊的。 变量特别是，当高级别控制被 受损，如在一些患者群体中，尽管程度较轻， 正常老化的背景。 从高级和低级代码之间的绑定引起的干扰可以 也是老年人中观察到的执行控制缺陷的核心。 因此，在大多数拟议的实验中，我建议探索 假设老年人更受模棱两可的负面影响， 低层次和集合层次之间的映射。这样的 结果将指出与年龄有关的困难与“保持分开”高水平 共享低级元素的表示。项目承诺A 低层次知觉/注意过程和执行过程之间的桥梁 年龄差异这一重要问题的答案， 执行控制