Capturing Control Dynamics Via Eye-Movements: General and Age-Comparative Analyse

通过眼球运动捕捉控制动态：一般分析和年龄比较分析

• 批准号: 8857193
• 负责人: ULRICH E MAYR
• 金额: $ 23.53万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF OREGON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2018-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8857193
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Adult; Affect; Age; Aging; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavioral; Chronic; Clinical; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Complex; Conflict (Psychology); Controlled Study; Coupled; Cues; Diagnosis; Disease; Elderly; Environment; Event; Eye; Eye Movements; Goals; Health; Healthcare; Individual; Interruption; Intervention; Link; Longevity; Maintenance; Methods; Modeling; Nature; Outcome; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Preparation; Procedures; Process; Property; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Role; Schizophrenia; Shapes; Societies; Stimulus; Stream; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Update; Work; age difference; age related; attentional control; base; cognitive control; cognitive system; comparative; cost; depressive symptoms; design; digital; experience; flexibility; improved; interest; multitask; normal aging; operation; response; sample fixation; theories; thought control; tool; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cognitive control over perception, thought, and action allows us to stay on task by keeping irrelevant information at bay. Whether control is successful or not largely depends on its dynamic properties. It needs to respond promptly to upcoming challenges, such as the need for flexible change, or to critical triggering events, such as the experience of conflict, but it also needs to be able to profit from past control events. Deficits i dynamic control are linked to prevalent clinical disorders, including attention deficit/hyperactiviy disorder, schizophrenia, or depressive symptoms. Moreover, control dynamics change across the adult life span in ways that are not well understood and that become particularly relevant in multi-tasking situations. In order to fully understand both intact and deficient control we need to track how the dynamics of control actually unfold over time. One central claim of this application is that eye tracking combined with adequate experimental paradigms and analytic techniques can provide dynamic information with the necessary precision. With these analytic tools, we examine here the general hypothesis that local control dynamics are profoundly affected global control settings. Specifically, we propose that control operates either in a maintenance mode, emphasizing stable behavioral patterns, or in an updating mode, emphasizing flexible change. Furthermore, we hypothesize that older adults' specific difficulties in multi-tasking situations arise from on overuse of the updating mode, which in turn has pervasive "down-stream" effects on local control phenomena. Using our eye-tracking based analytic tools; we test these general hypotheses in three different ways. First, we look at the precise short-term and longer-term temporal dynamics of adopting attentional settings and how these dynamics change as a function of control modes and age. Second, we examine for the first time how exactly interruptions affect cognitive activity in young and old adults. Third, we use eye-movements to directly assess when individuals engage in updating, thus allowing us to determine both antecedents and consequences of updating operations, as well as why older adults often dramatically over-engage in updating. Thus, this work addresses substantive questions about flexible control of thought and action and about the nature of age differences therein, but also brings a new set of methodological tools to the study of control. These tools will substantially enhance the precision with which researchers can capture the dynamic nature of control. Multitasking and interruptions are an omnipresent reality in the way we use modern digital media. Difficulties with multitasking in older adults contribute to the emerging digital divide, potentially constraining seniors' societal participation or access to important health-care tools. The information gained in this project will be useful for the design of multi-task environments or targeted training procedures.

描述（由申请人提供）：对感知、思想和行动的认知控制使我们能够通过避免不相关的信息来专注于任务。控制是否成功在很大程度上取决于它的动态特性。它需要迅速响应即将到来的挑战，例如对灵活变化的需求，或对关键触发事件，例如冲突的经历，但它也需要能够从过去的控制事件中获利。动态控制缺陷与常见的临床疾病有关，包括注意缺陷/多动障碍、精神分裂症或抑郁症状。此外，控制动态在整个成人生命周期内的变化方式尚未得到很好的理解，但在多任务处理情况下尤为重要。为了充分理解完整控制和缺陷控制，我们需要