Social Context of Substance Abuse/A Multi-Level Approach

负责任的决策是药物滥用的基石 预防计划，但大多数注意力集中在责任， 自己的行为。拟议的项目将健康视为一个公共问题 这是一个共同的责任。总体目标是：（a） 理解同伴监督和干预的现象，以及B）识别 那些使年轻人容易产生分享感的因素 责任，理解风险行为的公共层面， 劝阻同伴从事危害健康的行为，如 吸烟或酗酒。为了做到这一点，我们提出了一个比较，纵向， 在两个对比鲜明的国家背景下的发展研究（美国和 匈牙利）。我们将从大约6,000个第五季度收集横截面数据， -12年级学生和他们的老师在第一年的研究。在 此外，我们建议进行一项为期3年的小组研究， 中、晚期青少年，他们的父母和教师作为青少年 过渡到新的学校环境。本研究旨在：（1） 测试家庭习俗和课堂气氛对发展的影响 年轻人对社会责任的态度和他们的概念 （2）测试是否有更高水平的社会责任感， 公众对风险的认识增加了 （3）测试假设的发展模式是否 存在于年轻人对个人健康权的承诺中， 风险决策和他们与朋友干预的意愿;（4）测试 社会环境的差异是否足以解释 在两种不同的文化中干预朋友行为的意愿。的 这项研究将在宾夕法尼亚州的40所学校和 匈牙利共和国。将在学校进行学生和教师调查， 而家长则会被要求通过邮件回复。该研究将包括 复杂的设计，包括横截面，纵向和比较 使用多种分析技术进行跨国分析，包括 分层线性模型评估学校气候对 个人行为和结构方程模型来测试纵向 假设计划缺失数据设计将用于减少以下因素的影响 研究损耗。

DESCRIPTION: Responsible decision-making is a cornerstone of drug abuse prevention programs but most attention has been focused on responsibility for one's own behavior. The proposed project conceives of health as a public issue for which there is a shared responsibility. The overall goals are a) to understand the phenomena of peer monitoring and intervention and b) identify those factors that predispose young people to develop a sense of shared responsibility, appreciate the public dimensions of risk behaviors, and dissuade peers from engaging in behaviors that compromise health such as smoking or alcohol abuse. To do this we propose a comparative, longitudinal, developmental study in two contrasting national contexts (the United States and Hungary). We will collect cross-sectional data from approximately 6,000 5th -12th graders and their teachers during the first year of the study. In addition, we propose a (3-year) panel study of approximately 2,000 early, middle, and late adolescents, their parents, and teachers as the adolescents make transitions to new school settings. The proposed study is designed to: (1) test the effects of family practices and classroom climates on the development of young people's attitudes toward social responsibility and their conception of health risks; (2) test whether higher levels of social responsibility and awareness of the public dimensions of risk increase the likelihood of intervening with peers; (3) test whether hypothesized developmental patterns exist in young people's commitment to the individual's right to make health risk decisions and their willingness to intervene with friends; and (4) to test whether differences in social environments are enough to explain differences in the willingness to intervene in friends behavior in two different cultures. The study will be conducted in 40 schools across Pennsylvania and 30 in the Republic of Hungary. Student and teacher surveys will be conducted in schools, while parents will be asked to respond by mail. The study will consist of a complex design that includes cross-sectional, longitudinal and comparative cross-national analyses using a number of analytic techniques including Hierarchical Linear Modeling to assess the effects of school climates on individual behavior and Structural Equation Modeling to test longitudinal hypotheses. Planned Missing Data design will be used to reduce the effects of study attrition.