Social Context of Substance Abuse/A Multi-Level Approach

描述：负责任的决策是药物滥用的基石 预防计划，但最受关注的是对 自己的行为。拟议的项目设想将健康作为一个公共问题 对此有共同的责任。总体目标是a)到 了解同行监测和干预的现象，并b)确定 那些使年轻人容易产生共享感的因素 责任，理解危险行为的公共层面，以及 劝阻同龄人不要从事损害健康的行为，如 吸烟或酗酒。为此，我们提出了一种比较的、纵向的、 两个不同国家背景下的发展研究(美国和 匈牙利)。我们将收集大约6,000个五分之一的横断面数据 -12年级学生和他们的老师在研究的第一年。在……里面 此外，我们建议对大约2,000人进行一项(为期3年)的小组研究， 作为青少年的中后期青少年及其父母和老师 过渡到新的学校环境。拟议的研究旨在：(1) 测试家庭实践和课堂气氛对儿童发展的影响 青少年对社会责任的态度和观念 健康风险；(2)测试更高水平的社会责任和 对风险的公共层面的认识增加了 对同伴进行干预；(3)检验假设的发展模式 存在于年轻人对个人健康权利的承诺中 风险决策和他们与朋友干预的意愿；以及(4)测试 社会环境的差异是否足以解释 愿意在两种不同的文化中干预朋友的行为。这个 研究将在宾夕法尼亚州40所学校和宾夕法尼亚州30所学校进行 匈利共和国。学生和教师调查将在学校进行， 而家长将被要求通过邮件做出回应。这项研究将包括一个 复杂的设计，包括横截面、纵向和对比 使用多种分析技术进行跨国分析，包括 用分层线性模型评估学校气候对学校的影响 个体行为和结构方程模型用于纵向检验 假设。将使用计划中的缺失数据设计来减少 研究自然减员。

DESCRIPTION: Responsible decision-making is a cornerstone of drug abuse prevention programs but most attention has been focused on responsibility for one's own behavior. The proposed project conceives of health as a public issue for which there is a shared responsibility. The overall goals are a) to understand the phenomena of peer monitoring and intervention and b) identify those factors that predispose young people to develop a sense of shared responsibility, appreciate the public dimensions of risk behaviors, and dissuade peers from engaging in behaviors that compromise health such as smoking or alcohol abuse. To do this we propose a comparative, longitudinal, developmental study in two contrasting national contexts (the United States and Hungary). We will collect cross-sectional data from approximately 6,000 5th -12th graders and their teachers during the first year of the study. In addition, we propose a (3-year) panel study of approximately 2,000 early, middle, and late adolescents, their parents, and teachers as the adolescents make transitions to new school settings. The proposed study is designed to: (1) test the effects of family practices and classroom climates on the development of young people's attitudes toward social responsibility and their conception of health risks; (2) test whether higher levels of social responsibility and awareness of the public dimensions of risk increase the likelihood of intervening with peers; (3) test whether hypothesized developmental patterns exist in young people's commitment to the individual's right to make health risk decisions and their willingness to intervene with friends; and (4) to test whether differences in social environments are enough to explain differences in the willingness to intervene in friends behavior in two different cultures. The study will be conducted in 40 schools across Pennsylvania and 30 in the Republic of Hungary. Student and teacher surveys will be conducted in schools, while parents will be asked to respond by mail. The study will consist of a complex design that includes cross-sectional, longitudinal and comparative cross-national analyses using a number of analytic techniques including Hierarchical Linear Modeling to assess the effects of school climates on individual behavior and Structural Equation Modeling to test longitudinal hypotheses. Planned Missing Data design will be used to reduce the effects of study attrition.