HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH IMPACT ON S. HAEMATOBIUM

尿路血吸虫病，由寄生性吸虫S。 血瘤杆菌是人类发病和死亡的重要原因。 在整个非洲和中东。这个项目的长期目标是 定义有效阻断寄生虫传播的方法 中间宿主Bulinus蜗牛到最终人类宿主。在动态时 模拟预测大规模治疗感染血瘤链球菌的人 种群应大幅减少寄生虫的传播、抑制 实践证明，通过药物治疗很难达到传播的目的 独自一人。似乎人类用水和污染的差异很大 钉螺种群密度的季节性变化使S。 边缘条件下的血瘤菌传播。也有可能是 不断增加的人口密度通过以下途径增加感染水平 寄生虫生命周期的所有阶段。据推测，寄生虫的潜伏期 中间蜗牛R-赞赏的‘电容’，以实现永久传输。 在试图实现以下目标时必须解决这些动态效应 在一种高致病性/地方性传染病中阻断嗜血杆菌传播 环境，例如在肯尼亚海岸省发现的环境。的具体目标 该项目是：1)确定人口增长的影响和 一种地方性血吸虫病传播模式的气候变化 在多年期间(1984-2005)；2)建立分子聚合酶链式反应 监测系统，用于更精确地测量人/蜗牛/人的动态 现场血瘤链球菌的传播；3)开发和测试 血瘤链霉菌传播的数学模型，在小型和 大规模设置，可用于定义最佳控制目标 干预；以及4)培训S血吸虫病流行区的科学家 利用聚合酶链式反应检测技术、地理信息系统分析和遥感 寄生虫集中控制系统的设计与实现技术 程序。

Urinary schistosomiasis, caused by infection with the parasitic trematode S. haematobium, is a significant cause of human morbidity and mortality throughout Africa and the Mideast. The long-term goal of this project is to define means for effective interruption of parasite transmission from intermediate host Bulinus snails to definitive human hosts. While dynamic modeling predicts that mass treatment of S. haematobium-infected human populations should substantially reduce parasite transmission, suppression of transmission has, in practice, proven difficult to achieve with drug treatment alone. It appears that wide variability in human water use and contamination and seasonal variability in snail population density serve to perpetuate S. haematobium transmission under marginal conditions. It is also likely that increasing human population density serves to increase infection levels through all stages of the parasite life cycle. It is hypothesized that parasite latency in the intermediate snail r-appreciated 'capacitance'for perpetuating transmission. These dynamic effects must be addressed in attempting to achieve interruption of S. haematobium transmission in a highly endernic/enzootic environment, such as that found in Coast Province, Kenya. The specific aims of the project are: 1) to determine the impact of human population growth and climate variation on patterns of S. haematobium transmission in an endemic region over a multi-year period (1984-2005); 2) To establish molecular PCR monitoring systems for more precise measurement of human/snail/human dynamics of S. haematobium transmission at field sites; 3) To develop and test mathematical models of S. haematobium transmission, in both small- and large-scale settings, which can be used to define optimal targets for control intervention; and 4) To train scientists from S haematobium-endemic areas in the use of PCR detection techniques, GIS analysis, and remote sensing techniques for the design and implementation of focused parasite control programs.