HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH IMPACT ON S. HAEMATOBIUM

尿路血吸虫病，由寄生吸虫感染引起。 埃及血吸虫是人类发病和死亡的重要原因 遍布非洲和中东。该项目的长期目标是 确定有效阻断寄生虫传播的手段， 中间宿主泡螺到最终人类宿主。而动态 模型预测，S.人血吸虫感染 人口应大大减少寄生虫传播，抑制 在实践中，通过药物治疗很难实现 一个人人类用水和水污染的广泛差异 和季节性变化的蜗牛种群密度有助于延续S。 在边际条件下的血吸虫传播。这也有可能 人口密度的增加会增加感染水平， 寄生虫生命周期的所有阶段。据推测，寄生虫潜伏在 用于永久传输的中间Snail R值的“电容”。 在试图实现以下目标时，必须解决这些动态影响： S的中断。在一个高度地方性/地方性 环境，如在肯尼亚海岸省发现的。的具体目标 这些项目是：1）确定人口增长的影响， 气候变化对S.在一个地方性的 2）建立分子PCR技术 监测系统，用于更精确地测量人/蜗牛/人的动态 色葡萄在野外传播; 3）开发和测试 S.在小型和小型的国家， 大规模设置，可用于定义最佳控制目标 4）培训来自血吸虫病流行地区的科学家， 使用PCR检测技术、GIS分析和遥感 寄生虫集中控制的设计和实施技术 程序.

Urinary schistosomiasis, caused by infection with the parasitic trematode S. haematobium, is a significant cause of human morbidity and mortality throughout Africa and the Mideast. The long-term goal of this project is to define means for effective interruption of parasite transmission from intermediate host Bulinus snails to definitive human hosts. While dynamic modeling predicts that mass treatment of S. haematobium-infected human populations should substantially reduce parasite transmission, suppression of transmission has, in practice, proven difficult to achieve with drug treatment alone. It appears that wide variability in human water use and contamination and seasonal variability in snail population density serve to perpetuate S. haematobium transmission under marginal conditions. It is also likely that increasing human population density serves to increase infection levels through all stages of the parasite life cycle. It is hypothesized that parasite latency in the intermediate snail r-appreciated 'capacitance'for perpetuating transmission. These dynamic effects must be addressed in attempting to achieve interruption of S. haematobium transmission in a highly endernic/enzootic environment, such as that found in Coast Province, Kenya. The specific aims of the project are: 1) to determine the impact of human population growth and climate variation on patterns of S. haematobium transmission in an endemic region over a multi-year period (1984-2005); 2) To establish molecular PCR monitoring systems for more precise measurement of human/snail/human dynamics of S. haematobium transmission at field sites; 3) To develop and test mathematical models of S. haematobium transmission, in both small- and large-scale settings, which can be used to define optimal targets for control intervention; and 4) To train scientists from S haematobium-endemic areas in the use of PCR detection techniques, GIS analysis, and remote sensing techniques for the design and implementation of focused parasite control programs.