Optoelectronic Devices Based on Emerging 2D Materials

放射性同位素是武器爆炸和福岛和切尔诺贝利等核电站灾难所产生的核沉降物中的一种全球性健康危害。斯堪的纳维亚半岛和挪威的放射性沉降物污染仍然超过了禁止放牧的法定限度（3000 Bq/kg）。用于检测放射性的手持式实验室仪器（如盖革计数器）提供了一种可靠的测量电离辐射的方法，但这些设备在测试零售商店中的每一种食品时效率或成本都不高。此外，这些设备不容易嵌入食品包装或服装中，以提供需要高度机械灵活性的新颖解决方案，例如实验室外套。与此同时，恐怖主义构成的威胁日益增加，加上最近在伦敦使用放射性物质杀害前俄罗斯联邦安全局特工a .利特维年科（a . Litvinenko）的事件，为国家和国际安全部门开发能够发现非法走私放射性物质的概念性新技术提供了令人信服的理由。这项提议的目的是展示第一个嵌入纺织纤维的放射性探测器。这种探测器将基于一种新型的难以察觉的、灵活的、超轻的传感器，这种传感器利用了氟化石墨烯在暴露于放射源时发生的绝缘体到金属的转变。

Radioactive isotopes are a global health hazard in nuclear fallout from both weapon detonation and disasters at power stations such as Fukushima and Chernobyl. The radioactive contamination of fallout in Scandinavia and Norway still exceeds the legal limit (3000 Bq/kg) prohibiting the grazing of cattle. Hand held laboratory instruments used to detect radioactivity such as Geiger counters provide a reliable way of measuring ionising radiation but these devices are not efficient or cost effective to test every item of food in retail shops for example. Furthermore, these devices are not easy to embed in food packaging or clothing to provide novel solutions for which a high degree of mechanical flexibility is required, such as laboratory coats for example. At the same time, the growing threats posed by terrorism together with the recent use of radioactive substances in the killing of the former Russian FSB agent A. Litvinenko in London make a compelling case for National and International security to develop conceptually new technologies able to uncover illegal smuggling of radioactive substances. The aim of this proposal is to demonstrate the first radioactivity detector embedded on textile fibres. This detector will be based on a new class of imperceptible, flexible and ultra-lightweight sensors which exploit the insulator-to-metal transition occurring in fluorinated graphene upon exposure to a radioactive source.