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Conservation management conflict in the Greenland Barnacle goose

格陵兰藤壶雁的保护管理冲突

基本信息

批准号：
1920979
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1920979
关键词：
Conservation management conflict Greenland Barnacle

项目摘要

Conflicts between people and animals are amongst the most formidable impediments to effective conservation of threatened species. Managing such issues is highly complex, but resolving them is growing in importance, particularly in the developed world, as conflicts between agricultural, recreational and conservation interests increase. Such is the case with the Greenland Barnacle Goose (GBG), a species of conservation importance (Annex 1 of the EC Birds Directive) protected via hunting moratoria and roost site designation. However, in recent years the population has increased considerably, and as a grazer, it is now viewed as an agricultural 'pest' in some areas. On Islay, a stronghold for GBG, there is a long standing conflict between conservation and agricultural interests, and similar conflicts are emerging in other parts of Scotland. Current management on Islay involves deliberate scaring, lethal control and damage-offset payments to farmers. However, the efficacy of these measures is not clear and assessing impact is challenging for a number of reasons: GBG ecology (e.g. migratory behaviour, metapopulation dynamics, etc) makes it difficult to predict management outcomes; the population increase may have levelled off, making projections more uncertain and potentially increasing the conservation imperative; it is sympatric with the globally Endangered Greenland White-fronted Goose, which can be impacted by GBG management activity. Applying the latest research thinking and analytical approaches combined with a strong partnership involving a skilled research team, government agency and conservationists, would provide a unique opportunity for a CASE student to flourish academically and contribute to the resolution of this conflict. The student would investigate GBG responses to management at multiple levels:Individual-level Management approaches can have a number of indirect effects: disrupting pair bonds, non-lethal injuries, increased lead exposure (from shot) in feeding areas, reduced energy intake and increased energy consumption. None of these have featured in any population modelling thus far but all can influence demography either directly or via carry over effects. The student would investigate this using a broad range of measurements (faecal and blood lead and stress measurements; x-rays for embedded shot; telemetry and time-energy budgets, condition indices, gut parasites, etc) from individually marked birds to estimate the indirect impact of management on fitness.Site-level The manner in which geese respond to scaring and lethal control is unclear. Removed and displaced individuals may simply be replaced by others from poorer habitat; geese may change when they feed (e.g. nocturnally); displaced geese may end up concentrated in smaller areas. The student would use long-term data sets (distribution, habitat and disturbance), telemetry and faecal counts to assess the efficacy of the current management regime.Metapopulation-level High levels of disturbance may drive high emigration rates, thereby moving the problem elsewhere. Alternatively, removal of birds may create opportunities (as above). Such responses will be strongly influenced by the patterns of density-dependence and compensation operating in the population. The student will analyse resighting datasets to estimate the key demographic parameters within a metapopulation framework using a combination of Individual-Based Models and Integrated Projection Models.

人与动物之间的冲突是有效保护受威胁物种的最大障碍之一。管理这些问题非常复杂，但解决这些问题的重要性日益增加，特别是在发达国家，因为农业、娱乐和保护利益之间的冲突日益增加。格陵兰藤壶鹅（GBG）就是这种情况，这是一种重要的保护物种（《欧共体鸟类指令》附件1），通过暂停狩猎和栖息地指定加以保护。然而，近年来，牠们的数量大幅增加，作为食草动物，牠们在某些地区被视为农业“害虫”。在GBG的大本营艾莱岛，保护和农业利益之间存在着长期的冲突，苏格兰其他地区也出现了类似的冲突。目前对艾莱岛的管理包括故意吓唬、致命控制和向农民支付损害补偿。然而，这些措施的功效尚不明确，评估影响具有挑战性，原因如下：（如迁徙行为、集合种群动态等）使管理结果难以预测;种群增长可能已经趋于平稳，使预测更加不确定，并可能增加养护的必要性;它与全球濒危的格陵兰白额鹅同域，可能受到GBG管理活动的影响。应用最新的研究思维和分析方法，结合强大的伙伴关系，涉及熟练的研究团队，政府机构和保护主义者，将提供一个独特的机会，为学生的案例，以蓬勃发展的学术和促进解决这一冲突。学生将调查GBG对多层次管理的反应：个人层面的管理方法可能会产生许多间接影响：破坏配对关系，非致命性伤害，增加喂食区的铅暴露（来自射击），减少能量摄入和增加能量消耗。到目前为止，这些都没有出现在任何人口模型中，但所有这些都可以直接或通过遗留效应影响人口统计学。学生将使用广泛的测量（粪便和血铅和压力测量;嵌入式射击的X射线;遥测和时间-能量预算，条件指数，肠道寄生虫等）从单独标记的鸟类来评估管理对健身的间接影响。迁移和流离失所的个体可能只是被来自更贫穷栖息地的其他个体所取代;鹅在进食时可能会改变（例如轮流进食）;流离失所的鹅可能最终集中在较小的区域。学生将使用长期数据集（分布、生境和干扰）、遥测和粪便计数来评估当前管理制度的效力。或者，清除鸟类可能会创造机会（如上所述）。这种反应将受到种群中的密度依赖和补偿模式的强烈影响。学生将分析重新定位数据集，使用基于个体的模型和综合投影模型的组合来估计集合人口框架内的关键人口统计参数。