Differences in Swallow Mechanics in Infants

婴儿吞咽机制的差异

• 批准号: 6523451
• 负责人: Rebecca Z German
• 金额: $ 28.09万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-07-01 至 2006-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6523451
• 关键词: age difference; biomechanics; body movement; brain stem; cineradiography; digital imaging; electromyography; epiglottis; muscle contraction; neuromuscular system; newborn animals; oral pharyngeal; stimulus /response; stomach emptying; swallowing; swine; video recording system; weaning

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Swallowing requires the coordination of a large number of muscles; this complexity arises partly from the need for airway protection. In the previous funding period, we added to the understanding of muscle activity and oropharyngeal kinematics in infant deglutition. However, the role of the majority of muscles during emptying of the valleculae and in the transport of the bolus past the laryngeal opening or the natural stimuli that initiate the emptying of the valleculae over maturation is not well understood. Our preliminary data suggest that two distinct pathways of bolus movement exist, either around the epiglottis/laryngeal opening (in the newborn) or over it (by the age of weaning). However the timing of the transition, from one path to the other and the associated changes in the kinematics or motor patterns, are unknown. The decerebrate pig is an excellent model for studying vallecular emptying because this phase of the swallow can be isolated experimentally. We propose to apply our existing techniques both to this model and to intact animals, in order to answer the following questions. What natural stimuli initiate vallecular emptying, and do they change during maturation? What is the pattern of muscle activity during vallecular emptying in terms of the order and amplitude of muscle activation? Does change in the consistency of the bolus alter the motor pattern during vallecular emptying, and does this change over developmental time? Does epiglottal movement result from: (i) direct muscle contraction; (ii) indirect movement of the rest of the larynx, (iii) the mechanical action of food on the epiglottis, or a combination of all three? Current studies of human dysphagia and rehabilitation rely heavily on several older studies of oral function in adult man and animal; these studies did not have the means to examine the ontogeny of vallecular function in detail. The proposed study of the maturation of motor patterns will provide an important baseline for treatment strategies aimed at human infant dysphagia.

描述(申请人提供)：吞咽需要协调 大量肌肉；这种复杂性部分源于对呼吸道的需要 保护。在上一个资助期，我们增加了对 婴幼儿吞咽障碍的肌肉活动和口咽运动学研究。然而， 大多数肌肉在谷粒排空过程中的作用 药丸通过喉部开口或自然刺激的运输 启动卵泡过熟排空是不好的。 明白了。我们的初步数据表明，有两种不同的推注途径 会厌/喉口周围有运动(新生儿) 或在它上面(到断奶年龄)。然而，过渡的时机，从 一条路径到另一条路径以及运动学或马达中的相关更改 模式，是未知的。去脑猪是一种很好的研究模型 因为吞噬的这一阶段可以被分离出来 试验性的。我们建议将我们现有的技术应用于此模型 和完好无损的动物，以回答以下问题。多自然啊 刺激启动了膜分子的排空，它们在成熟过程中会发生变化吗？ 在瓣膜分子排空过程中，肌肉活动的模式是什么 肌肉激活的顺序和幅度？在一致性方面是否会发生变化 在血管分子排空过程中，推进剂改变了马达模式，并做到了这一点 随着发育时间的推移而变化？会厌运动是否由以下原因引起：(I) 直接肌肉收缩；(Ii)喉部其余部分的间接运动， (Iii)食物对会厌的机械作用，或所有这些的组合 三?目前对人类吞咽困难和康复的研究严重依赖于 几项关于成人和动物口腔功能的早期研究；这些研究 没有办法研究分子功能的个体发育。 细节。拟议的运动模式成熟度研究将提供一个 针对人类婴儿吞咽困难的治疗策略的重要基线。