ENABLING CHILDREN TO AFFECT THEIR GRAMMATICAL DEVELOPMENT

有特殊语言障碍（SLI）和发育迟缓的儿童 (DD)特别需要一些方法来帮助他们的语法 发展如果我们能帮助这些孩子 成人输入（即，语法重铸），我们将赋予儿童权力， 加强自身的语法发展。一种方法是引出语法 重铸可能是为了方便儿童更频繁地使用 母亲们自然会重新塑造的话语。母亲最常 自然地重塑儿童的多工作和完全可理解的话语。 因此，一项有利于儿童经常和 多词、完全可理解的话语的普遍使用可能导致 儿童接受促进性语言输入的次数更多， 地点，对话环境，以及发生在传统 语言干预。我们将测试五个假设。首先，我们预测 会话语言干预会增加孩子们的 可理解性和话语长度。其次，我们预测， 促进话语的可理解性和长度将导致 诱发更多自然发生的母体重塑。但由于 没有一种治疗方法对所有儿童都同样有效，我们还预测， 自然发生的母体重铸的组间差异往往是 在家庭资源相对较高的母亲中更为明显。第三、 我们预测， 干预和随后的自然发生的孕产妇死亡率增加， 语法重铸将促进语法语义关系， 结束后几个月的早期句法和形态发展 的干预。第四，除了这一主要影响，我们将 研究具有非语言智力的儿童在 正常范围（即，SDL）将更快地从对话式 语言干预和随后自然发生的 母亲的重铸，将儿童与一般发育迟缓 (i.e., DD）。第五，我们预测，统计控制后， 治疗自然发生的母亲重铸将使治疗 对后期语法水平的影响不显著。如果是的话， 将证明母亲在怀孕后自然重塑的程度 治疗至少是治疗效果的一部分， 语法发展的报告

Children with specific language impairment (SLI) and developmental delays (DD) are in special need of ways to facilitate their grammatical development. If we could help these children elicit grammar-facilitating adult input (i.e., grammatical recasts), we would empower children to enhance their own grammatical development. One way to elicit grammatical recasts may be to facilitate more frequent child use of the types of utterances that mothers naturally recast. Mothers most frequently naturally recast children's multi-work and fully intelligible utterances. Therefore, an intervention that facilitates children's frequent and generalized use of multi-word, fully intelligible utterances may result in children receiving facilitating linguistic input in many more times, places, conversational contexts, and people that occurs in traditional language intervention. We plan to test five hypotheses. First, we predict that conversational language intervention will increase the children's intelligibility and length of utterance. Second, we predict that facilitating intelligibility and length of utterance will lead to the elicitation of more naturally-occurring maternal recasts. However, because no treatment is equally effective for all children, we also predict the group difference in naturally occurring maternal recasts will tend to be more pronounced in mothers with relatively high family resources. Third, we predict that the combination of the conversational language intervention and the subsequent increase in naturally-occurring maternal grammatical recasts will facilitate grammatical semantic relations and early syntactic and morphological development several months after the end of the intervention. Fourth, in addition to this main effect, we will examine the possibility that children with non-verbal intelligence in the normal range (i.e., SDL) will benefit faster from the conversational language intervention and subsequent increase in naturally-occurring maternal recasts that will children with general developmental delays (i.e., DD). Fifth, we predict that statistically controlling post- treatment naturally-occurring maternal recasting will render the treatment effect on later grammatical level non-significant. If it does, then there will be evidence that the degree to which mothers naturally recast after the treatment is responsible for, at least part of, the treatment effect on grammatical development at follow-ups.