FOREBRAIN AND HINDBRAIN MECHANISMS OF SALT APPETITE

描述：(改编自《调查者摘要》)体液平衡 取决于水和钠的得失。肾机制可以延缓 水和钠从体内流失的速率，但水和钠的摄入量 通过口渴和食盐的机制，食欲是最终必需的 恢复动态平衡。维持胞外容量需要 中枢神经系统接收和处理关于 体内水分和钠的状况。前脑和后脑的区域整合在一起 总的来说，这些信息要么是刺激的，要么是抑制的 这种摄取行为。几种血管感受器和体液 代理通常提供此传入输入。然而，在严重的 环境挑战或在病理状态下，输入和处理 来自感觉系统的信息可能会被扭曲和破坏。目前， 对于这些相互作用的本质，人们的理解是有限的。 感觉系统以及大脑是如何处理这些信息的 对维持体液平衡和心血管健康至关重要。这个 目前的建议是建立在申请人先前对 流体相关的传入信号和中央处理。拟议的研究 将使用生理学、药理学和神经解剖学技术 允许研究相互作用的激素(血管紧张素， 心钠素)、神经肽能(催产素、速激肽)和 控制低血容量性口渴的神经(血压/容量)传入信号 和食盐的胃口。这些实验将产生重要的新信息 关于维持和恢复体液的基本生理机制 动态平衡。对这些神经生物学过程的更多了解将 为暴露在生理环境中的正常个人的福祉做出贡献 (锻炼)和环境(高温)挑战以及某些类型的患者 有与液体平衡有关的病理情况(高血压；充血性 心力衰竭)。

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from the Investigator's Abstract) Body fluid balance depends on the gain and loss of water and sodium. Renal mechanisms can slow the rate of water and sodium loss from the body, but ingestion of water and sodium through the mechanisms of thirst and salt appetite is necessary for an ultimate restoration of homeostasis. The maintenance of extracellular volume requires that the central nervous system receives and processes information about the status of body water and sodium. Areas of the forebrain and hindbrain integrate this information in ways that are, on balance, either stimulatory or inhibitory to this ingestive behavior. Several types of vascular sensors and humoral agents normally provide this afferent input. However, under severe environmental challenge or in pathological states, the input and processing of information from sensory systems may be distorted and disrupted. Presently, there is only limited understanding about the nature of interactions of these sensory systems and about how the brain processes this information that is critical for maintaining fluid homeostasis and cardiovascular fitness. The present proposal builds upon the applicant's prior investigations of fluid-related afferent signaling and central processing. The proposed research will employ physiological, pharmacological, and neuroanatomical techniques in the rat that permit the investigation of interactive hormonal (angiotensin, atrial natriuretic peptide), neuropeptidergic (oxytocin, tachykinins) and neural (blood pressure/volume) afferent signals that control hypovolemic thirst and salt appetite. These experiments will generate important new information about basic physiological mechanisms that maintain and restore body fluid homeostasis. An increased understanding of these neurobiological processes will contribute to the well-being of normal individuals exposed to physiological (exercise) and environmental (heat) challenges and of certain types of patients with pathological conditions related to fluid balance (hypertension; congestive heart failure).