Characterizing top-down dimensions of appetite self-regulation among preschoolers

表征学龄前儿童食欲自我调节的自上而下的维度

• 批准号: 10663672
• 负责人: JENNIFER ORLET FISHER
• 金额: $ 21.83万
• 依托单位: TEMPLE UNIV OF THE COMMONWEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-01 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10663672
• 关键词: Achievement; Adolescence; Attention; Authoritarianism; Behavioral; Biological; Body mass index; Child; Child Development; Child Rearing; Child Support; Childhood; Cognitive; Desire for food; Development; Developmental Process; Diet; Dimensions; Eating; Eating Behavior; Environment; Evaluation; Factor Analysis; Family; Food; Goals; Health Food; Healthy Eating; Informal Social Control; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Low income; Measures; Nursery Schools; Obesity; Outcome; Overweight; Participant; Pathway interactions; Predisposition; Process; Questionnaires; Regulation; Research; Role; Sampling; School-Age Population; Schools; Science; Scientific Advances and Accomplishments; Self Direction; Shapes; Short-Term Memory; Socialization; Sorting; Structure; Weight; cognitive process; design; early childhood; eating in absence of hunger; emotional functioning; executive function; expectation; feeding; flexibility; innovation; novel; obesity in children; obesity prevention; obesity risk; obesogenic; primary caregiver; psychologic; social; socioeconomic disparity

PROJECT SUMMARY Making healthy food choices and eating in moderation during early childhood are central to obesity prevention and are thought to require effortful and goal-directed self-regulation. Appetite self-regulation (ASR) has been described as involving children’s use of eating-specific, “top-down” cognitive processes to moderate “bottom- up” biological drives to eat. Much of the research to date on ASR has focused on the role of bottom-up drives in shaping children’s behavioral susceptibility to obesity. Alternatively, little is known about the cognitive- developmental processes that shape children’s ability to make healthy food choices and eat in moderation during early childhood. Current perspectives hold that ASR is distinct from general self-regulation (e.g., executive functioning [EF]) among children, highlighting the large gap in scientific understanding of cognitive developmental influences on healthy eating and obesity prevention during the preschool years. The goal of this R21 exploratory investigation is to produce rigorous evidence of cognitive developmental influences on healthy eating behaviors (i.e., healthy food choices, eating in moderation) and weight status during preschool through the development of new measures of top-down ASR. Preschool is an important period for studying top-down ASR given the significant socialization of eating behaviors and rapid maturation of top-down regulatory processes that occur during this period. Participants will be 150 preschoolers (75 with normal weight, 75 with overweight or obesity) and their primary caregiver. Given well- documented socioeconomic disparities in self-regulation, diet quality, obesity among children, we will oversample families with low-income backgrounds. We will adapt existing measures of inhibitory, working memory, and attention shifting–core aspects of EF – to develop new measures of eating-specific, top-down ASR. ASR/EF associations with laboratory-based observations of children’s eating behaviors, body mass index z-scores, and questionnaire-based measures of food parenting will be assessed. Aim 1 will adapt well- established objective observational measures of top-down EF to assess top-down ASR regulation among preschoolers. Aim 2 will examine the protective role of top-down ASR in making healthful food choices, eating in moderation, and weight status among preschoolers. Given that parenting represents a socialization pathway that can hinder or facilitate self-regulation in children, Aim 3 will evaluate associations of food parenting structure and autonomy support with top-down ASR among children. Raising children to make healthy food choices and eat in moderation in the current obesogenic environment may require more explicit involvement of cognitive-developmental processes around eating than has been previously appreciated. The findings of this investigation will yield novel scientific directions for obesity prevention by elucidating cognitive developmental influences on healthy food choices, eating in moderation, and weight status among preschoolers.

项目概要 在幼儿期选择健康的食物和适量饮食是预防肥胖的核心 并且被认为需要努力和目标导向的自我调节。食欲自我调节（ASR） 被描述为涉及儿童使用特定于饮食的“自上而下”认知过程来调节“自下而上” 向上”生物驱动力去吃东西。迄今为止，大部分关于 ASR 的研究都集中在自下而上驱动力的作用上 塑造儿童对肥胖的行为易感性。或者说，人们对认知能力知之甚少。 塑造儿童选择健康食物和适量饮食能力的发育过程 在幼儿时期。目前的观点认为，ASR 不同于一般的自我监管（例如， 儿童的执行功能[EF]），突显了对认知的科学理解存在巨大差距 学龄前阶段对健康饮食和肥胖预防的发育影响。目标是 这项 R21 探索性调查旨在提供认知发展的严格证据 对健康饮食行为（即健康食物选择、适量饮食）和体重的影响 通过制定自上而下的 ASR 新措施，提高学龄前儿童的地位。学前班是一所 鉴于饮食行为的显着社会化和快速发展，自上而下的 ASR 研究的重要时期 在此期间发生的自上而下的监管流程日趋成熟。参加者人数为150人 学龄前儿童（75 名体重正常，75 名超重或肥胖）及其主要照顾者。鉴于良好- 记录了儿童在自我调节、饮食质量、肥胖方面的社会经济差异，我们将 对低收入背景的家庭进行过度抽样。我们将调整现有的抑制措施、工作措施 记忆力和注意力转移——EF 的核心方面——开发针对特定饮食、自上而下的新措施 自动语音识别。 ASR/EF 与基于实验室的儿童饮食行为、体重指数观察的关联 将评估 z 分数和基于问卷的食物养育措施。目标 1 会很好地适应 - 建立了自上而下的 EF 客观观察措施，以评估自上而下的 ASR 监管 学龄前儿童。目标 2 将研究自上而下的 ASR 在做出健康食物选择、饮食方面的保护作用 适度和学龄前儿童的体重状况。鉴于养育子女代表了一种社会化途径 可能阻碍或促进儿童自我调节的因素，目标 3 将评估食物养育的关联 儿童中自上而下的 ASR 的结构和自主支持。培养孩子制作健康食品 在当前的致胖环境中，选择和适量饮食可能需要更明确的参与 围绕饮食的认知发展过程比以前所认识的要大。本次调查结果 调查将通过阐明认知发展来为预防肥胖提供新的科学方向 对学龄前儿童健康食物选择、适度饮食和体重状况的影响。