Characterizing top-down dimensions of appetite self-regulation among preschoolers

表征学龄前儿童食欲自我调节的自上而下的维度

• 批准号: 10663672
• 负责人: JENNIFER ORLET FISHER
• 金额: $ 21.83万
• 依托单位: TEMPLE UNIV OF THE COMMONWEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-01 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10663672
• 关键词: Achievement; Adolescence; Attention; Authoritarianism; Behavioral; Biological; Body mass index; Child; Child Development; Child Rearing; Child Support; Childhood; Cognitive; Desire for food; Development; Developmental Process; Diet; Dimensions; Eating; Eating Behavior; Environment; Evaluation; Factor Analysis; Family; Food; Goals; Health Food; Healthy Eating; Informal Social Control; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Low income; Measures; Nursery Schools; Obesity; Outcome; Overweight; Participant; Pathway interactions; Predisposition; Process; Questionnaires; Regulation; Research; Role; Sampling; School-Age Population; Schools; Science; Scientific Advances and Accomplishments; Self Direction; Shapes; Short-Term Memory; Socialization; Sorting; Structure; Weight; cognitive process; design; early childhood; eating in absence of hunger; emotional functioning; executive function; expectation; feeding; flexibility; innovation; novel; obesity in children; obesity prevention; obesity risk; obesogenic; primary caregiver; psychologic; social; socioeconomic disparity

PROJECT SUMMARY Making healthy food choices and eating in moderation during early childhood are central to obesity prevention and are thought to require effortful and goal-directed self-regulation. Appetite self-regulation (ASR) has been described as involving children’s use of eating-specific, “top-down” cognitive processes to moderate “bottom- up” biological drives to eat. Much of the research to date on ASR has focused on the role of bottom-up drives in shaping children’s behavioral susceptibility to obesity. Alternatively, little is known about the cognitive- developmental processes that shape children’s ability to make healthy food choices and eat in moderation during early childhood. Current perspectives hold that ASR is distinct from general self-regulation (e.g., executive functioning [EF]) among children, highlighting the large gap in scientific understanding of cognitive developmental influences on healthy eating and obesity prevention during the preschool years. The goal of this R21 exploratory investigation is to produce rigorous evidence of cognitive developmental influences on healthy eating behaviors (i.e., healthy food choices, eating in moderation) and weight status during preschool through the development of new measures of top-down ASR. Preschool is an important period for studying top-down ASR given the significant socialization of eating behaviors and rapid maturation of top-down regulatory processes that occur during this period. Participants will be 150 preschoolers (75 with normal weight, 75 with overweight or obesity) and their primary caregiver. Given well- documented socioeconomic disparities in self-regulation, diet quality, obesity among children, we will oversample families with low-income backgrounds. We will adapt existing measures of inhibitory, working memory, and attention shifting–core aspects of EF – to develop new measures of eating-specific, top-down ASR. ASR/EF associations with laboratory-based observations of children’s eating behaviors, body mass index z-scores, and questionnaire-based measures of food parenting will be assessed. Aim 1 will adapt well- established objective observational measures of top-down EF to assess top-down ASR regulation among preschoolers. Aim 2 will examine the protective role of top-down ASR in making healthful food choices, eating in moderation, and weight status among preschoolers. Given that parenting represents a socialization pathway that can hinder or facilitate self-regulation in children, Aim 3 will evaluate associations of food parenting structure and autonomy support with top-down ASR among children. Raising children to make healthy food choices and eat in moderation in the current obesogenic environment may require more explicit involvement of cognitive-developmental processes around eating than has been previously appreciated. The findings of this investigation will yield novel scientific directions for obesity prevention by elucidating cognitive developmental influences on healthy food choices, eating in moderation, and weight status among preschoolers.

项目总结 在儿童早期做出健康的食物选择和适度的饮食是预防肥胖的核心 并被认为需要努力和以目标为导向的自我监管。食欲自我调节(ASR)一直是 被描述为涉及到儿童使用特定的进食，“自上而下”的认知过程来调节“底部” 向上“的生物驱动力进食。到目前为止，关于ASR的大部分研究都集中在自下而上驱动器的作用上 在塑造儿童对肥胖的行为易感性方面。或者，人们对认知能力知之甚少。 塑造儿童选择健康食物和适量饮食能力的发育过程 在童年早期。目前的观点认为ASR不同于一般的自我调节(例如， 执行功能[EF])，突显了科学理解认知的巨大差距 学龄前儿童发育对健康饮食和肥胖预防的影响。的目标是 这项R21探索性调查是为了提供认知发展的严格证据 对健康饮食行为(即选择健康食物、适量饮食)和体重的影响 通过开发自上而下ASR的新措施来了解学龄前儿童的状况。学前教育是一种 研究自上而下ASR的重要时期，因为饮食行为的显著社会化和快速 在此期间发生的自上而下的监管过程的成熟。参赛者年龄为150岁 学龄前儿童(75名正常体重，75名超重或肥胖)及其主要照顾者。如果情况好的话- 在自我调节、饮食质量、儿童肥胖方面有记录的社会经济差距，我们将 对低收入家庭进行过度抽样。我们将调整现有的抑制措施，发挥作用 记忆和注意力转移-EF的核心方面-开发新的饮食测量-特定的，自上而下 ASR.ASR/EF与实验室观察儿童进食行为、体重指数的关系 Z分数和基于问卷的食品育儿措施将被评估。目标1将很好地适应- 建立了自上而下EF的客观观察指标，以评估自上而下的ASR调节 学龄前儿童。目标2将研究自上而下ASR在做出健康食物选择、饮食方面的保护作用 适中程度和学龄前儿童的体重状况。鉴于养育子女代表着一种社会化途径 这可能会阻碍或促进儿童的自我调节，目标3将评估食物养育的关联 在儿童中使用自上而下ASR的结构和自主性支持。养育孩子制作健康食品 在当前的肥胖环境中，选择和适度饮食可能需要更明确的参与 关于进食的认知发展过程比以前所认识到的要多。这项研究的发现 研究将通过阐明认知发展为肥胖预防提供新的科学方向 对学龄前儿童健康食物选择、适度饮食和体重状况的影响。