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Sensor development for in-situ measurements of charge in non-thunderstorm clouds using small UAVs and free balloons

使用小型无人机和自由气球现场测量非雷暴云中电荷的传感器开发

基本信息

批准号：
1943543
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Bath
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-1943543
关键词：
Sensor development situ measurements charge

项目摘要

Clouds are some of the least well understood phenomena in atmospheric science. This is in part due to the complexity of microphysical processes involved, but also due to the lack of robust data from in-situ measurements which have a high observational difficulty. Previous research has shown that charge is present in most cloud types, but the location, magnitude and generation mechanisms are not well characterized. Current theory predicts a potentially important role for charge in non-thunderstorm clouds in terms of its effects on cloud droplet interactions, and therefore large scale cloud properties such as height, lifetime and even rainfall. However, lack of in-situ charge and cloud measurements have hampered investigation of this problem so far. This project therefore seeks to investigate the role of charge in non thunderstorm clouds by producing new data sets of charge and cloud microphysical measurements through the development of new observational techniques from novel airborne platforms.Cloud microphysical observations are currently performed from manned aircraft which are costly, limited in terms of spatial sampling achievable and are limited by human life risk factors. In order to obtain the in-situ cloud and charge measurements, this project will utilise the alternative platforms of UAVs and free balloons, which provide opportunities for much more frequent sampling, which is required in order to fully characterise the variability of non-thunderstorm clouds. Due to the limited size and weight constraints of such platforms, design, integration and testing of new charge and cloud sensors is required, which this project will develop. Due to the current lack of such instrumentation in the atmospheric science community the outcome of the research could revolutionize the availability of in-cloud measurements, particularly in respect to the electrical measurements. The work has potential for strong positive impact on the ability to improve the understanding of cloud microphysical processes and thus to allow for more accurate weather and climate modelling. The main steps of the research are (a) to investigate the design requirements for a suitable small UAV platform for in-cloud electrical measurements (high altitude flight, high payload capacity, low electric noise injections, long range autonomy). (b) development of payload sensor package (most probably an electric field mill, optical techniques for cloud droplet spectra characterization and temperature and humidity sensors for thermodynamic considerations). (c) investigate the effect of the airborne platforms on the electrical measurements and propose mitigation for sensor interference. (d) produce new data sets of in-situ non-thunderstorm charge and cloud microphysical data using the developed sensors and compare results with previous ground based and airborne measurements.

云是大气科学中最不为人所知的现象之一。这在一定程度上是由于所涉及的微物理过程的复杂性，但也是因为缺乏来自现场测量的可靠数据，而现场测量具有很高的观测难度。以前的研究表明，大多数类型的云中都存在电荷，但对电荷的位置、大小和产生机制还没有很好的描述。目前的理论预测，电荷在非雷暴云中的潜在重要作用是它对云滴相互作用的影响，从而影响大尺度云的性质，如高度、寿命甚至降雨量。然而，到目前为止，由于缺乏现场电荷和云测量，阻碍了对这一问题的调查。因此，该项目试图通过开发新的机载平台上的新观测技术，产生新的电荷和云微物理测量数据集，从而研究电荷在非雷暴云中的作用。目前，云微物理观测是从载人飞机上进行的，这种观测成本高昂，可实现的空间采样有限，并受到人类生命危险因素的限制。为了获得云和电荷的现场测量，该项目将利用无人机和自由气球等替代平台，提供更频繁的采样机会，这是充分描述非雷暴云的可变性所必需的。由于这些平台的尺寸和重量有限，需要设计、集成和测试新的电荷和云传感器，这是本项目将开发的。由于大气层科学界目前缺乏这类仪器，研究成果可能会彻底改变云内测量的可用性，特别是在电学测量方面。这项工作有可能对改进对云微物理过程的理解，从而实现更准确的天气和气候模拟的能力产生强有力的积极影响。研究的主要步骤是(A)研究适用于云内电测(高空飞行、高有效载荷能力、低电噪声注入、远程自主式)的小型无人机平台的设计要求。(B)开发有效载荷传感器组件(最有可能是电场研磨机、用于云滴光谱表征的光学技术以及用于热力学考虑的温度和湿度传感器)。(C)调查机载平台对电气测量的影响，并提出减少传感器干扰的建议。(D)利用所开发的传感器产生新的就地非雷暴电荷和云微物理数据集，并将结果与以前的地面和空中测量结果进行比较。