Reward Sensitivity in Depression: A Biobehavioral Study

抑郁症中的奖赏敏感性：一项生物行为研究

• 批准号: 6583586
• 负责人: Stewart Aaron Shankman
• 金额: $ 2.56万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY NEW YORK STONY BROOK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-12 至 2004-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6583586
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); adult human (21+); anxiety disorders; avoidance behavior; behavior; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; comorbidity; depression; electroencephalography; frontal lobe /cortex; human subject; interview; major depression; negative reinforcements; predoctoral investigator; psychological reinforcement

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In recent years, many researchers have been interested in discovering a neuropsychological basis of emotion and emotional disorders. One of the more widely studied of these models has been Davidson's approach-withdrawal model (Davidson, 1998), which posits two separate neural systems of motivation and emotion and hypothesizes that these systems are responsible for individual differences in reactivity to emotional stimuli, or "affective styles." The model also proposes that abnormalities in these systems play an etiological role in emotional disorders: depression is characterized by a deficit in reward seeking behavior (i.e., approach motivation) and anxiety is characterized by a tendency to withdraw from aversive stimuli (i.e., withdrawal motivation). These abnormalities are also hypothesized to be associated with specific asymmetries in frontal activation (depression = decrease in left frontal; anxiety = increase in right frontal). While several researchers have found support for this model, no study has directly tested whether the hypothesized frontal asymmetry reflects this "low approach style" in depression. This project will be able to test this hypothesis by comparing the EEG activation of depressed and non-depressed individuals during tasks that manipulate approach and withdrawal motivation. This study will also be able to explore whether the relationship between motivation and EEG asymmetry is different for individuals with particular clinical characteristics (e.g., a comorbid anxiety disorder, chronic depression). This project will not only be able to address the relationship between motivation and depression but will also further the understanding of the heterogeneity of depression by teasing apart its biological correlates.

描述（由申请人提供）：近年来，许多研究人员对发现情绪和情绪障碍的神经心理学基础感兴趣。其中一个被广泛研究的模型是Davidson的接近-退缩模型（Davidson，1998），该模型假定动机和情绪是两个独立的神经系统，并假设这些系统是对情绪刺激反应的个体差异或“情感风格”的原因。“该模型还提出，这些系统中的异常在情绪障碍中起着病因学作用：抑郁症的特征是寻求奖励行为的缺陷（即，接近动机）和焦虑的特征在于从厌恶性刺激中退缩的倾向（即，退出动机）。这些异常也被假设与额叶激活的特定不对称性有关（抑郁=左额叶减少;焦虑=右额叶增加）。虽然一些研究人员已经找到了支持这一模型的证据，但没有研究直接测试假设的额叶不对称是否反映了抑郁症中的“低接近风格”。本研究将通过比较抑郁和非抑郁个体在操纵接近和退缩动机的任务中的EEG激活来验证这一假设。这项研究还将能够探索动机和EEG不对称性之间的关系是否对具有特定临床特征的个体（例如，共病焦虑症、慢性抑郁症）。这个项目不仅能够解决动机和抑郁症之间的关系，而且还将通过梳理其生物学相关性来进一步理解抑郁症的异质性。