Discrimination, Reinforcement, and Resistance to Change

歧视、强化和对变革的抵制

• 批准号: 6650700
• 负责人: JOHN ANTHONY NEVIN
• 金额: $ 7.3万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-01 至 2005-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6650700
• 关键词: attention; behavior modification; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; discrimination learning; memory; operant conditionings; pigeons; psychological reinforcement; stimulus /response; stimulus interval

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): To effect behavior change, it is not sufficient simply to establish desirable behavior. It is also necessary that the behavior persist after therapy ends, and that it be appropriate to the circumstances of daily life. This entails learning to discriminate relations between situations, behavior, and consequences, and these discriminative processes must also be persistent. This project will explore the persistence of discriminative processes including attention, memory. and sensitivity to consequences. Previous research has found that the resistance to change of simple repeated behavior depends directly on the frequency or magnitude of reward, but there is no systematic information on the role of reward in the resistance to change of discriminative processes. To obtain relevant data, pigeons will be trained on delayed matching to sample and related tasks where food rewards for one of two simultaneously available choice responses are signaled by one of two successive stimuli. Different frequencies of food rewards will he arranged in successive components of experimental sessions. Responding that produces discrimination trials will also be measured. After prolonged training, the resistance to change of response rate and of learned stimulus-behavior and behavior-consequence relations will be evaluated by introducing short-term disruptors. The long-term goal of this project is to determine whether discriminative processes and simple response emission depend similarly on reward conditions. If so, the same behavioral principles that have been successful in establishing durable new behavior can be used to develop persistent discriminative processes in clinical populations.

描述（由申请人提供）：要实现行为改变，仅仅建立理想的行为是不够的。在治疗结束后，这种行为还必须持续下去，并且适合日常生活的环境。这需要学习区分情况、行为和后果之间的关系，而这些区分过程也必须是持久的。这个项目将探索辨别过程的持续性，包括注意力，记忆力。和对后果的敏感以往的研究发现，简单重复行为的改变抵抗力直接取决于奖赏的频率或大小，但关于奖赏在辨别过程的改变抵抗力中的作用还没有系统的信息。为了获得相关数据，鸽子将接受延迟匹配样本和相关任务的训练，其中两个同时可用的选择反应之一的食物奖励由两个连续刺激之一发出信号。不同频率的食物奖励将被安排在实验阶段的连续组成部分中。产生歧视审判的反应也将被衡量。经过长时间的训练后，将通过引入短期干扰物来评估对反应率变化和习得刺激-行为和行为-后果关系变化的抵抗力。这个项目的长期目标是确定是否歧视性的过程和简单的反应排放同样依赖于奖励条件。如果是这样的话，在建立持久的新行为方面取得成功的相同行为原则可以用于在临床人群中发展持久的辨别过程。