How does the circadian clock regulate disease resistance?

生物钟如何调节抗病能力？

• 批准号: 2113020
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of York
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2113020
• 关键词: How; does; circadian; clock; regulate

This project investigates how a plant's circadian clock (molecular clock) altersits susceptibility to infection at different times of the day. It is an excitingopportunity to work in a new field, learn a range of modern experimental andcomputational skills and join an active, enthusiastic research group. Theresearch will involve genetics, molecular biology, proteomics, high-throughputyeast-2-hybrid, transcriptomics, pathogen infection assays, genomics, geneediting and computational biology.Almost all living organisms ranging from cyanobacteria to plants and animalspossess a circadian clock. The circadian clock generates an ~24 h rhythm that isset by daily cycles of light and temperature. This enables organisms toanticipate regular daily events such as dawn and dusk. For plants, which cannotmove, the circadian clock is particularly important to synchronise itsmetabolism with the environment. Recently it was discovered that the clockalso impacts plant immunity; plants inoculated at different times of the dayshow differing susceptibility to pathogens. We demonstrated that Arabidopsisplants showed greater resistance to Botrytis cinerea, a fungal pathogen, afterinoculation at dawn compared to inoculation during the night (Ingle et al. 2015Plant Journal). The difference in susceptibility when the plants are inoculated atdawn or night is driven by the plant circadian clock.The plant immune response involves significant changes in gene expressionregulated by transcription factors within a regulatory network. Afterinoculation at dawn this defence network is activated faster leading to moreeffective resistance against the pathogen. Incredibly a four-hour difference inactivation of the defence response leads to a dramatic difference in diseaseprogression. Timing is everything! We have found that a single protein in ahormone (jasmonic acid) signaling pathway controls the change in diseasesusceptibility during the day. This protein, JAZ6, works by targetingtranscription factors.We now want to ask how does the clock via JAZ6 control disease resistance?How broad is JAZ6-dependent disease resistance? What transcription factors inthe regulatory network does JAZ6 target? How do changes in the defencenetwork cause increased disease resistance? What is the timing of JAZ6activity?Critically we want to investigate whether we can alter JAZ6 in crop plants toactivate the defence network faster and enhance disease resistance. JAZ6orthologues are present in Brassica, lettuce and tomato (all crops infected by B.cinerea) and we will use gene editing to test whether JAZ6 is a clock-immunityregulator in these crops.

该项目研究植物的生物钟（分子钟）如何在一天的不同时间改变对感染的易感性。这是一个在新领域工作、学习一系列现代实验和计算技能并加入活跃、热情的研究小组的令人兴奋的机会。研究将涉及遗传学、分子生物学、蛋白质组学、高通量east-2-hybrid、转录组学、病原体感染测定、基因组学、基因编辑和计算生物学。从蓝细菌到植物和动物，几乎所有生物体都拥有生物钟。生物钟产生约 24 小时的节律，由每日的光和温度周期决定。这使得生物体能够预测常规的日常事件，例如黎明和黄昏。对于不能移动的植物来说，生物钟对于使其代谢与环境同步尤为重要。最近发现生物钟也会影响植物的免疫力；在一天中不同时间接种的植物对病原体的敏感性不同。我们证明，与夜间接种相比，黎明接种后拟南芥植物对灰葡萄孢（一种真菌病原体）表现出更强的抵抗力（Ingle 等人，2015 年植物杂志）。植物在黎明或夜间接种时的易感性差异是由植物生物钟驱动的。植物免疫反应涉及受调控网络内转录因子调控的基因表达的显着变化。黎明时接种后，这种防御网络会更快地激活，从而更有效地抵抗病原体。令人难以置信的是，防御反应的四个小时的失活差异会导致疾病进展的巨大差异。时机就是一切！我们发现激素（茉莉酸）信号通路中的单一蛋白质控制着白天疾病易感性的变化。这种蛋白质 JAZ6 通过靶向转录因子发挥作用。我们现在想问的是，生物钟如何通过 JAZ6 控制抗病性？JAZ6 依赖性抗病性的范围有多大？ JAZ6 靶向调控网络中的哪些转录因子？防御网络的变化如何导致抗病能力增强？ JAZ6活性的时间是什么？最重要的是，我们想研究是否可以改变农作物中的JAZ6以更快地激活防御网络并增强抗病性。 JAZ6 直系同源物存在于芸苔属、生菜和番茄（所有被灰霉病感染的作物）中，我们将使用基因编辑来测试 JAZ6 是否是这些作物中的时钟免疫调节剂。