ADHD Phenotype Network: Animal Model to Clinical Trial

ADHD 表型网络：动物模型到临床试验

• 批准号: 6883965
• 负责人: FLOYD R SALLEE
• 金额: $ 20.83万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-15 至 2005-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6883965
• 关键词: Tourette' s syndrome; attention deficit disorder; behavior test; brain electrical activity; clinical research; comorbidity; disease /disorder etiology; dopamine; environmental exposure; gene environment interaction; gene expression; gene targeting; genetic polymorphism; genetically modified animals; human subject; human therapy evaluation; laboratory mouse; lead; neural information processing; neuropharmacology; neuropsychology; neurotransmitter antagonist; outcomes research; patient oriented research; phenotype; psychopharmacologic agent

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our network group seeks to formalize a collaboration of neuroscientists, geneticist, pharmacologists, pediatricians, and child psychiatrist so as to transcend the limitations of our present conceptualization of ADHD etiology by concentrating on non-clinical phenotypes. Non-classical phenotypes were chosen based on their shared pathophysiology involving circuitry which is amenable to "circuit-testing" of behavior and pharmacologic dissection in animal models as well as the clinic. These ADHD phenotypes involve dopaminergic (DA) pathophysiology as a core feature, and share common cortical-limbic glutamatergic neuronal (CGN) circuitry in symptom generation. Each phenotype has heuritic value to bring an understanding not only to ADHD "outliers" but for classical ADHD through the identification of shared mechanisms. One such shared mechanism we hypothesize is the glutamatergic valence of key cortical-limbic pathways (Carlsson 2000). The lead-exposed ADHD phenotype we propose as a prototype for determining the interaction of DA genotype (DRD4, DRD5, DAT) and environment producing ADHD symptoms and impairment. In our network, we have developed interposing projects at the behavioral/phenomenologic and animal model-genetic determinant levels to inform a translational "proof of concept" clinical trial. This feasibility trial will estimate effect sizes for the cortical-limbic noradrenergic (NE) releasing drug, atomoxetine. Pharmacologic dissection of ADHD phenotypes is now possible using direct DA agonists/antagonists as well as indirect agents impacting cortical-limbic glutamatergic neuronal (CGN) circuitry like atomoxetine. Major strengths of this proposal include: 1) Strong, ongoing collaborative relationships between network members; 2) novel and testable hypothesis regarding non-classical ADHD phenotypes encountered in clinical practice from which "proof of concept" pharmacologic trials can be initiated; 3) an animal model that is well characterized and highly exploitable for "circuit-testing" of antipodal behavioral features of the ADHD-TS phenotype; 4) a unique opportunity to study the neurobehavioral outcomes of an ongoing lead-exposed cohort of 212 children as the cohort reaches the time (school-age) when a clinical diagnosis of ADHD typically occurs; 5) examination of gene-environment interactions with DA-associated polymorphisms linked to ADHD phenotype expression, and 6) strong, extra-network linkages with the pediatric pharmacologic research units (PPRU) infrastructure, an animal model behavioral phenotyping laboratory, and a Howard Hughes Bioinformatics Center to expand on Arrant findings and "proof of concept' trials.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们的网络小组力求将神经科学家、遗传学家、药理学家、儿科医生和儿童精神病学家的合作正式化，以便通过专注于非临床表型来超越我们目前对 ADHD 病因学概念的限制。非经典表型的选择是基于它们共同的涉及电路的病理生理学，该电路适合于动物模型和临床中的行为和药理解剖的“电路测试”。这些 ADHD 表型以多巴胺能 (DA) 病理生理学为核心特征，并在症状产生中共享共同的皮质边缘谷氨酸神经元 (CGN) 回路。每种表型都具有启发价值，不仅可以了解 ADHD“异常值”，还可以通过识别共享机制来了解经典 ADHD。我们假设的一种共享机制是关键皮质边缘通路的谷氨酸价（Carlsson 2000）。我们建议将铅暴露 ADHD 表型作为确定 DA 基因型（DRD4、DRD5、DAT）与产生 ADHD 症状和损害的环境之间相互作用的原型。在我们的网络中，我们开发了行为/现象学和动物模型遗传决定因素水平的干预项目，为转化性“概念验证”临床试验提供信息。该可行性试验将评估皮质边缘去甲肾上腺素（NE）释放药物阿托莫西汀的效应大小。现在可以使用直接 DA 激动剂/拮抗剂以及影响皮质边缘谷氨酸神经元 (CGN) 回路的间接药物（如阿托西汀）对 ADHD 表型进行药理学剖析。该提案的主要优点包括： 1) 网络成员之间牢固、持续的协作关系； 2）关于临床实践中遇到的非经典ADHD表型的新颖且可检验的假设，可以从中启动“概念验证”药理学试验； 3) 一种具有良好特征且高度可用于 ADHD-TS 表型的反足行为特征“循环测试”的动物模型； 4) 一个独特的机会来研究由 212 名儿童组成的持续铅暴露队列的神经行为结果，因为该队列达到了 ADHD 临床诊断通常发生的时间（学龄）； 5) 检查与 ADHD 表型表达相关的 DA 相关多态性的基因-环境相互作用，以及 6) 与儿科药理学研究单位 (PPRU) 基础设施、动物模型行为表型实验室和霍华德休斯生物信息学中心建立强大的网络外联系，以扩展 Arrant 发现和“概念验证”试验。