Genomic Analysis of Lambdoid, TB & Other Bacteriophages

Lambdoid 的基因组分析，TB

• 批准号: 6776034
• 负责人: ROGER W HENDRIX
• 金额: $ 38.29万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-01-01 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6776034
• 关键词: bacterial DNA; bacterial genetics; bacterial virus; bacteriophage lambda; biochemical evolution; bioinformatics; biotechnology; computational biology; computer assisted sequence analysis; computer program /software; computer system design /evaluation; functional /structural genomics; genetic polymorphism; genetic recombination; genome; host organism interaction; microorganism interaction; nucleic acid sequence; virus DNA; virus genetics

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Bacteriophages are the most numerous organisms in the biosphere and play major roles in the ecology, evolution, physiology and pathogenesis of their bacterial hosts. Their relative simplicity makes them terrific model systems and they have been instrumental in the development of molecular biology and the biotechnology industry. Nevertheless, notwithstanding the in-depth studies on a small number of bacteriophages, our understanding of phage diversity, evolution and genomic constitution is rudimentary at best. Elucidation of bacteriophage diversity and the evolutionary mechanisms that generate new viruses can be investigated by comparative sequence analysis of phage genomes. Analysis of the currently available sequences of approximately 85 genomes of dsDNA tailed phages reveals that they are extremely diverse at the nucleotide sequence level and that pairs of phages competent to infect a common host do not necessarily share any significant DNA sequence homology. When analyzed at the amino acid sequence level it is apparent that while there are many genes shared among phages, there are also a high proportion of previously unidentified sequences. Bacteriophages therefore constitute a huge reservoir of unexplored sequence information. Bacteriophage genomes are characteristically mosaic, composed of modules that appear to migrate throughout the phage population. This mosaicism is generated by a combination of illegitimate and homologous recombination, with novel mosaic boundaries generated by illegitimate events, which are then reassorted by homologous recombination. Comparative sequence analysis reveals insights into how these events occur at the genetic and molecular levels. The total number of sequenced phage genomes is still sufficiently small that it is not possible to address population level questions, such as which genomes are participating in recombination and what is the direction and rate of gene flow between phages and between phages and their hosts. A larger set of phage genomic information of viruses that infect more closely-related bacterial hosts and of viruses with extremely large genomes (approximately 500kbp) will reveal how phages evolve, how they influence the evolution of their hosts, and what - at the most fundamental level - distinguishes viral and host genomes.

描述（申请人提供）：噬菌体是生物圈中数量最多的生物，在其细菌宿主的生态、进化、生理和发病机制中起着重要作用。它们的相对简单使它们成为极好的模型系统，它们在分子生物学和生物技术工业的发展中发挥了重要作用。然而，尽管对少数噬菌体进行了深入的研究，但我们对噬菌体多样性、进化和基因组构成的了解充其量是初步的。