Behavior Change: Reinforcemnt Schedule Effects

行为改变：强化时间表效应

• 批准号: 6806054
• 负责人: John M. Roll
• 金额: $ 28.16万
• 依托单位: FRIENDS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-30 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6806054
• 关键词: behavior modification; behavior therapy; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; drug abuse therapy; human middle age (35-64); human subject; interview; methamphetamine; negative reinforcements; psychological reinforcement; questionnaires; reinforcer; substance abuse related behavior; training; urinalysis; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Contingency management interventions are quite successful at helping people change problematic behavior and in adopting behaviors related to the development of healthy lifestyles. One area in particular in which contingency management interventions have become a frontline treatment is for substance abuse. Contingency management interventions have been repeatedly demonstrated to be successful at initiating periods of abstinence from many different drugs of abuse in a variety of clinical samples. Typically, contingency management interventions .for the treatment of drug abuse involve providing positive reinforcement for the provision of biological samples (e.g., urine or breath) that indicate recent abstinence. Generally these reinforcers are delivered each time a negative-sample is provided. However, basic science research into the delivery of reinforcement suggests that reinforcing behavior less frequently may, in fact, produce behavior that is more persistent once reinforcement has been discontinued. Similarly, basic research suggests that reducing the predictability of reinforcement promotes persistence of behavior change once reinforcement is withdrawn. These observations suggest a strategy for producing long-term behavior change. In substance abuse, this long-term behavior change could be reflected as long-term abstinence. The study outlined in this application is designed to examine whether less frequent and less predictable reinforcement of methamphetamine-negative urines leads to longer-term behavior change than more frequent and more predictable reinforcement. To accomplish this, we propose to compare 4 groups, all of which will receive a standardized psychosocial substance abuse treatment: (1) standard psychosocial treatment, (2) continuous contingency management: reinforcers available after each provision of a methamphetamine-negative urine test, (3) intermittent predictable contingency management: reinforcers available after the provision of every three consecutive methamphetamine-negative urine samples, and (4) intermittent unpredictable contingency management: reinforcers available on one day each week (randomly selected after the first week) for the prevision of methamphetamine-negative urine samples provided all urine samples since delivery of the last reinforcer were also methamphetamine negative. Based on the widespread success of contingency management across many different applications, we believe that the results of the proposed study will have 9enerality beyond the field of substance abuse treatment.

描述(申请人提供)：应急管理干预措施在帮助人们改变有问题的行为和采取与健康生活方式发展相关的行为方面相当成功。应急管理干预已成为前线治疗的一个领域尤其是药物滥用。在各种临床样本中，应急管理干预措施在启动许多不同药物滥用的戒断期方面一再被证明是成功的。通常，治疗药物滥用的应急管理干预措施包括为提供生物样本(例如尿液或呼气)提供积极的强化，以表明最近戒毒。通常，每次提供阴性样品时都会交付这些增强剂。然而，对强化交付的基础科学研究表明，强化行为不那么频繁，实际上，一旦强化停止，可能会产生更持久的行为。同样，基础研究表明，降低强化的可预测性会促进一旦强化被撤销，行为改变的持久性。这些观察结果提出了一种产生长期行为改变的策略。在物质滥用方面，这种长期的行为变化可能反映为长期禁欲。本申请中概述的研究旨在检查甲基苯丙胺阴性尿液频率较低且更难预测的强化是否会比更频繁且更可预测的强化导致更长期的行为变化。为此，我们建议比较四组，所有这些人都将接受标准化的心理社会药物滥用治疗：(1)标准的社会心理治疗，(2)持续应急管理：每次提供甲基苯丙胺阴性尿检后提供增强剂，(3)间歇性可预测应急管理：每连续三次提供甲基苯丙胺阴性尿样后提供增强剂，以及(4)间歇性不可预测应急管理：每周一天(第一周后随机选择)可用于预测甲基苯丙胺阴性尿样的增强剂，前提是自提供最后一次增强剂以来所有尿样也是甲基苯丙胺阴性。基于应急管理在许多不同的应用中取得的广泛成功，我们认为拟议的研究结果将具有超越药物滥用治疗领域的普遍性。