Behavior Change: Reinforcemnt Schedule Effects

行为改变：强化时间表效应

• 批准号: 6937783
• 负责人: John M. Roll
• 金额: $ 28.8万
• 依托单位: FRIENDS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-30 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6937783
• 关键词: behavior modification; behavior therapy; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; drug abuse therapy; human middle age (35-64); human subject; interview; methamphetamine; negative reinforcements; psychological reinforcement; questionnaires; reinforcer; substance abuse related behavior; training; urinalysis; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Contingency management interventions are quite successful at helping people change problematic behavior and in adopting behaviors related to the development of healthy lifestyles. One area in particular in which contingency management interventions have become a frontline treatment is for substance abuse. Contingency management interventions have been repeatedly demonstrated to be successful at initiating periods of abstinence from many different drugs of abuse in a variety of clinical samples. Typically, contingency management interventions .for the treatment of drug abuse involve providing positive reinforcement for the provision of biological samples (e.g., urine or breath) that indicate recent abstinence. Generally these reinforcers are delivered each time a negative-sample is provided. However, basic science research into the delivery of reinforcement suggests that reinforcing behavior less frequently may, in fact, produce behavior that is more persistent once reinforcement has been discontinued. Similarly, basic research suggests that reducing the predictability of reinforcement promotes persistence of behavior change once reinforcement is withdrawn. These observations suggest a strategy for producing long-term behavior change. In substance abuse, this long-term behavior change could be reflected as long-term abstinence. The study outlined in this application is designed to examine whether less frequent and less predictable reinforcement of methamphetamine-negative urines leads to longer-term behavior change than more frequent and more predictable reinforcement. To accomplish this, we propose to compare 4 groups, all of which will receive a standardized psychosocial substance abuse treatment: (1) standard psychosocial treatment, (2) continuous contingency management: reinforcers available after each provision of a methamphetamine-negative urine test, (3) intermittent predictable contingency management: reinforcers available after the provision of every three consecutive methamphetamine-negative urine samples, and (4) intermittent unpredictable contingency management: reinforcers available on one day each week (randomly selected after the first week) for the prevision of methamphetamine-negative urine samples provided all urine samples since delivery of the last reinforcer were also methamphetamine negative. Based on the widespread success of contingency management across many different applications, we believe that the results of the proposed study will have 9enerality beyond the field of substance abuse treatment.

描述（由申请人提供）：应急管理干预措施在帮助人们改变有问题的行为和采取与健康生活方式发展相关的行为方面非常成功。应急管理干预已成为一线治疗的一个领域是药物滥用。在各种临床样本中，应急管理干预措施一再被证明在启动许多不同药物滥用的戒断期方面是成功的。通常，用于治疗药物滥用的应急管理干预措施涉及积极加强提供生物样本（例如，尿液或呼吸），表明最近禁欲。一般来说，每次提供阴性样本时，都会递送这些检测器。然而，对强化传递的基础科学研究表明，强化行为不那么频繁，事实上，一旦强化停止，就会产生更持久的行为。同样，基础研究表明，一旦强化被撤销，降低强化的可预测性会促进行为改变的持续性。这些观察结果提出了一种产生长期行为改变的策略。在药物滥用中，这种长期行为变化可以反映为长期禁欲。本申请中概述的研究旨在检查甲基苯丙胺阴性尿液的较低频率和较不可预测的强化是否会导致较长期的行为变化，而不是更频繁和更可预测的强化。为了实现这一点，我们建议比较4组，所有这些都将接受标准化的心理社会药物滥用治疗：（1）标准心理社会治疗，（2）连续应急管理：每次提供甲基苯丙胺阴性尿检后可用的应急人员，（3）间歇性可预测应急管理：在提供每三个连续甲基苯丙胺阴性尿样后可用的补充剂，和（4）间歇性不可预测的应急管理：每周有一天（第一周后随机选择）可用于甲基苯丙胺阴性尿液样本的预检，提供了自最后一次预检以来的所有尿液样本也是甲基苯丙胺阴性。基于应急管理在许多不同应用中的广泛成功，我们相信拟议研究的结果将具有超出药物滥用治疗领域的普遍性。