Auditory Factors in Speech Production and Perception

描述：专注于各种语言中的元音，我们使用 结合自然标记的声学测量、计算机模拟 的偏好元音系统，以及感知和统计模式识别 实验来测试自适应色散理论的预测， 它的几个推论（即，大小原则，Hyper和Hypo 理论和听觉增强假说）。声明指出， 谈话者的目的是使语音对比足够独特，以促进 语言的理解，同时尽量减少发音 要达到这种独特性需要付出努力。在预测中， 测试的是这些：（1）随着元音库存的大小增加，将倾向于 更多地使用各种对比度增强属性，包括元音 固有的频谱变化，扩展的元音空间，以及更多地使用 不同的元音长度差异。(2)对于给定的冗余级别， 在通信设置中，对比度增强的替代源将 在同一种语言的不同方言中往往会出现相反的变化。(3)对比 当元音是单词的一部分时， 表示新的而不是给定的信息。(4)的计算机模拟 基于元音的首选元音清单往往会更准确， 动态指定元音标记。因为它和它的推论是 主要是为了解释言语产生的复杂性，而不是 语音感知，他们必须补充特定的假设， 预测听众如何对语音进行分类。两个假设 将被测试的是：音调距离假设和线性 边界假设第一个感知到边界的国家 元音类别之间的位置由元音类别之间的距离确定。 但是每个距离线索的权重是相反的， 与距离的大小有关。第二个假设指出， 元音刺激之间的感知类别边界往往是线性的， 共振峰频率以诸如Bark之类的随机激励单元来缩放。 这些感知假设将在内部和跨部门进行广泛的测试。 语言

DESCRIPTION: Focusing on vowel sounds from a wide variety of languages, we use a combination of acoustic measurements of natural tokens, computer simulation of preferred vowel systems, and perceptual and statistical pattern recognition experiments to test predictions of the Theory of Adaptive Dispersion (TAD) and several of its corollaries (namely, the Size Principle, the Hyper and Hypo Theory, and the Auditory Enhancement Hypothesis). TAD states that the aim of talkers is to make phonological contrasts sufficiently distinctive to promote linguistic comprehension by the listener while minimizing the articulatory effort needed to achieve this degree of distinctiveness. Among the predictions tested are these: (1) As vowel inventories increase in size, there will tend to be a greater use of various contrast-enhancing properties, including vowel inherent spectral change, an expanded vowel space, and a greater use of distinctive vowel length differences. (2) For a given level of redundancy in the communication setting, alternative sources of contrast enhancement will tend to vary inversely across dialects of the same language. (3) Contrast enhancement will be more in evidence when a vowel is part of a word that represents new rather than given information. (4) Computer simulations of preferred vowel inventories based on TAD will tend to be more accurate when the vowel tokens are dynamically specified. Because TAD and its corollaries are primarily aimed at explaining regularities of speech production rather than of speech perception, they must be supplemented by specific hypotheses that predict how speech sounds are categorized by listeners. Two such hypotheses that will be tested are: the Tonotopic Distance Hypothesis and the Linear Boundary Hypothesis. The first of these states that perceived boundary locations among vowel categories are determined by the distances between adjacent spectral peaks but that the weight of each distance cue is inversely related to the size of the distance. The second hypothesis states that perceived category boundaries between vowel stimuli tend to be linear when formant frequencies are scaled in auditorily motivated units such as Bark. These perceptual hypotheses will be extensively tested both within and across languages.