Auditory Factors in Speech Production and Perception

描述：专注于各种语言的元音发音，我们使用 自然令牌的声学测量、计算机模拟的组合 优选元音系统，以及感知和统计模式识别 检验自适应弥散理论(TAD)预测的实验 它的几个推论(即大小原理、Hyper和Hypo 理论和听觉增强假说)。TAD表示，其目的是 说话者就是要使语音对比足够鲜明，以促进 最大限度减少发音的同时听者的语言理解 需要付出努力才能达到这种程度的独特性。在这些预测中 检验的是：(1)随着元音库的大小增加，会有以下趋势 更多地使用各种增强对比度的属性，包括元音 固有的频谱变化，扩展的元音空间，以及更多地使用 明显的元音长度差异。(2)对于给定的冗余级别 通信设置、对比度增强的替代来源将 在同一种语言的不同方言中往往是相反的。(3)对比 当元音是单词的一部分时，增强效果会更明显 表示新信息，而不是给定的信息。(4)计算机模拟 基于TAD的首选元音清单在以下情况下往往更准确 元音标记是动态指定的。因为TAD和它的推论是 主要目的是解释言语产生的规律，而不是 言语感知，它们必须由特定的假设来补充， 预测听众如何对语音进行分类。两个这样的假设 将被检验的是：音调距离假说和线性 边界假说。这些状态中的第一个状态是感知到的边界 元音类别之间的位置由元音类别之间的距离确定 相邻的谱峰，但每个距离提示的权重是相反的 与距离的大小有关。第二种假设认为 元音刺激之间的感知类别边界在以下情况下趋于线性 共振峰的频率是在听觉激励的单位中进行调整的，比如巴克。 这些知觉假设将在内部和跨领域进行广泛的测试 语言。

DESCRIPTION: Focusing on vowel sounds from a wide variety of languages, we use a combination of acoustic measurements of natural tokens, computer simulation of preferred vowel systems, and perceptual and statistical pattern recognition experiments to test predictions of the Theory of Adaptive Dispersion (TAD) and several of its corollaries (namely, the Size Principle, the Hyper and Hypo Theory, and the Auditory Enhancement Hypothesis). TAD states that the aim of talkers is to make phonological contrasts sufficiently distinctive to promote linguistic comprehension by the listener while minimizing the articulatory effort needed to achieve this degree of distinctiveness. Among the predictions tested are these: (1) As vowel inventories increase in size, there will tend to be a greater use of various contrast-enhancing properties, including vowel inherent spectral change, an expanded vowel space, and a greater use of distinctive vowel length differences. (2) For a given level of redundancy in the communication setting, alternative sources of contrast enhancement will tend to vary inversely across dialects of the same language. (3) Contrast enhancement will be more in evidence when a vowel is part of a word that represents new rather than given information. (4) Computer simulations of preferred vowel inventories based on TAD will tend to be more accurate when the vowel tokens are dynamically specified. Because TAD and its corollaries are primarily aimed at explaining regularities of speech production rather than of speech perception, they must be supplemented by specific hypotheses that predict how speech sounds are categorized by listeners. Two such hypotheses that will be tested are: the Tonotopic Distance Hypothesis and the Linear Boundary Hypothesis. The first of these states that perceived boundary locations among vowel categories are determined by the distances between adjacent spectral peaks but that the weight of each distance cue is inversely related to the size of the distance. The second hypothesis states that perceived category boundaries between vowel stimuli tend to be linear when formant frequencies are scaled in auditorily motivated units such as Bark. These perceptual hypotheses will be extensively tested both within and across languages.