AUDITORY FACTORS IN SPEECH PERCEPTION

这项研究的长期目标是发展我们对 人类如何辨别和识别语音，并将其应用于 对特定语音规律的解释有一定的认识。这个 拟议的研究将建立在我们实验室之前的工作基础上，以产生 更完整地描述了言语感知中的听觉因素和 言语产生中以听者为导向的因素。 一般说来，音位对比是通过一组共同变化的 语音属性，这种协变通常是相当一致的 语言。通常情况下，语音学家试图解释语音 语音假设的物理约束条件的协变性 制作。相应地，言语领域的理论家们 认知通常认为语音交易关系(其中 对一个声学-语音维度的感知受环境的影响 另一个声学参数)主要由收听者 言语产出制约因素的隐性知识。另一种选择 假说是许多显著类型的语音协变 反映一种策略的语言社区，以增强听觉 音位对比的独特性，以及与之相关的许多 语音交易关系植根于一般的听觉因素， 并不是特定于语音的。 为了评估这一替代假设，各种感性的和 将进行听觉建模实验，每个实验都设计为 找出与言语相关的知识可能对知觉的贡献。 除其他方法外，该实验将采用以下方法： (1)言语/非言语对比。语音分类性能的研究 将沿特定声学维度变化的刺激与 在声音上相似的非语音刺激上的表现 某些相关的方面。 (2)跨母语对比。某些语音维度是 在某些语言中相关，但在其他语言中不相关。有可能把它排除在外。 从对比看语言相关经验的贡献 组与组之间在这样的语音维度上的分类表现 其母语利用维度的受试者和一组 语言上与维度无关的受试者。 (3)听觉建模。一种逼真的哺乳动物听神经模型 响应用于预测几种类型的语音的性能 知觉任务(例如，辨别、分类和听觉 距离判断)。 这些收敛方法将产生重要信息，说明 语音的听觉表征对言语知觉的制约 性能。结果还将允许详细评估 以听者为导向的语音协变解释。最后， 研究将为未来关于各种形式 听觉病理的改变会影响言语感知。

The long-term objectives of the research are to develop our knowledge of how humans discriminate and recognize speech sounds and to apply this knowledge toward the explanation of specific phonetic regularities. The proposed studies will build on previous work in our laboratory to yield a more complete account of auditory factors in speech perception and of listener-oriented factors in speech production. In general, a phonological contrast is realized by a covarying set of phonetic properties, and this covariation is often quite uniform across languages. Typically, phoneticians have attempted to explain phonetic covariation in terms of putative physical constraints on speech production. Correspondingly, theorists within the field of speech perception have often assumed that phonetic trading relations (where the perception of one acoustic-phonetic dimension is affected by the setting of another acoustic parameter) result primarily from the listener's implicit knowledge of speech production constraints. An alternative hypothesis is that many significant types of phonetic covariations reflect a strategy of speech communities to enhance the auditory distinctiveness of phonological contrasts, and relatedly, that many phonetic trading relations are rooted in general auditory factors that are not specific to speech. To evaluate this alternative hypothesis, a variety of perceptual and auditory modeling experiments will be conducted, each designed to factor out the possible perceptual contribution of speech-relevant knowledge. The experiment will employ the following methods, among others: (1) Speech/nonspeech comparisons. Categorization performance on speech stimuli varying along certain acoustic dimensions are compared to performance on nonspeech stimuli that are acoustically analogous in certain relevant respects. (2) Cross-native-language comparisons. Certain phonetic dimensions are relevant in some languages but not others. It is possible to factor out the contribution of language-relevant experience by comparing categorization performance on such a phonetic dimension between a group of subjects whose native language exploits the dimension and a group of subjects for whom the dimension is linguistically irrelevant. (3) Auditory modeling. A realistic model of mammalian auditory-nerve response is used to predict performance on several types of speech perceptual task (e.g., discrimination, categorization and auditory distance judgements). These converging methods will yield important information about how the auditory representation of speech sounds constrains speech perceptual performance. The results will also permit a detailed evaluation of listener-oriented accounts of phonetic covariation. Finally, the research will provide a foundation for future work on how various forms of auditory pathology affect speech perception.