AUDITORY FACTORS IN SPEECH PERCEPTION

这项研究的长期目标是发展我们对 人类是如何辨别和识别语音的， 对特定语音符号的解释知识。的 拟议的研究将建立在我们实验室以前的工作基础上， 对言语知觉中的听觉因素和 言语产生中的语言导向因素。 一般来说，语音对比是通过一组共变的 语音特性，这种协变往往是相当统一的， 语言通常，语音学家试图解释语音 根据对言语的假定物理限制的协变 生产相应地，言语领域的理论家们 人们通常认为，语音贸易关系（其中， 一个听觉-语音维度的感知受到环境的影响 另一个声学参数）主要由听者的 言语产生限制的内隐知识。一个替代 假设是许多重要的语音共变类型 反映了言语社区的一种策略， 语音对比的独特性，以及相关的，许多 语音交易关系植根于一般的听觉因素， 并不局限于言语。 为了评估这一替代假设，各种感知和 听觉建模实验将进行，每个设计因素， 语音相关知识的可能感知贡献。 除其他外，实验将采用以下方法： (1)言语/非言语比较。语音分类性能 将沿着某些声学维度变化的刺激与 在声学上类似的非言语刺激上的表现 某些相关方面。 (2)跨母语比较。某些语音维度是 在某些语言中相关，但在其他语言中不相关。有可能找出 语言相关经验的贡献 在语音维度上的分类表现 的主题，其母语利用的维度和一组 对那些维度在语言学上不相关的受试者来说。 (3)听觉建模。哺乳动物中枢神经的真实模型 反应是用来预测性能的几种类型的讲话 感知任务（例如，辨别、分类和听觉 距离判断）。 这些收敛方法将产生关于如何 语音的听觉表征限制了语音感知 性能结果还将允许详细评估 语音共变的语言学家导向的解释。最后 研究将为未来的工作提供基础， 影响言语知觉。

The long-term objectives of the research are to develop our knowledge of how humans discriminate and recognize speech sounds and to apply this knowledge toward the explanation of specific phonetic regularities. The proposed studies will build on previous work in our laboratory to yield a more complete account of auditory factors in speech perception and of listener-oriented factors in speech production. In general, a phonological contrast is realized by a covarying set of phonetic properties, and this covariation is often quite uniform across languages. Typically, phoneticians have attempted to explain phonetic covariation in terms of putative physical constraints on speech production. Correspondingly, theorists within the field of speech perception have often assumed that phonetic trading relations (where the perception of one acoustic-phonetic dimension is affected by the setting of another acoustic parameter) result primarily from the listener's implicit knowledge of speech production constraints. An alternative hypothesis is that many significant types of phonetic covariations reflect a strategy of speech communities to enhance the auditory distinctiveness of phonological contrasts, and relatedly, that many phonetic trading relations are rooted in general auditory factors that are not specific to speech. To evaluate this alternative hypothesis, a variety of perceptual and auditory modeling experiments will be conducted, each designed to factor out the possible perceptual contribution of speech-relevant knowledge. The experiment will employ the following methods, among others: (1) Speech/nonspeech comparisons. Categorization performance on speech stimuli varying along certain acoustic dimensions are compared to performance on nonspeech stimuli that are acoustically analogous in certain relevant respects. (2) Cross-native-language comparisons. Certain phonetic dimensions are relevant in some languages but not others. It is possible to factor out the contribution of language-relevant experience by comparing categorization performance on such a phonetic dimension between a group of subjects whose native language exploits the dimension and a group of subjects for whom the dimension is linguistically irrelevant. (3) Auditory modeling. A realistic model of mammalian auditory-nerve response is used to predict performance on several types of speech perceptual task (e.g., discrimination, categorization and auditory distance judgements). These converging methods will yield important information about how the auditory representation of speech sounds constrains speech perceptual performance. The results will also permit a detailed evaluation of listener-oriented accounts of phonetic covariation. Finally, the research will provide a foundation for future work on how various forms of auditory pathology affect speech perception.