AUDITORY FACTORS IN SPEECH PERCEPTION

拟议研究的总体目标是调查 言语交易关系和语音关系的可能听觉基础 涉及声学提示协变的共性。 一般而言，语音对比(例如， 中间停顿)由多个声学相关器实现， 这些关联在不同的语言中往往是相当一致的， 通常接近于语音共性的状态。他们的 普遍性通常促使语音学家寻求 基于身体或生理限制的解释 演讲稿。相应地，一些理论家认为 语音交易关系(其中一个人的感知 声学-语音维度受另一个设置的影响 声学参数)主要是由于听者的默契 对言语产生的规律性的认识及其 声学后果。 我们提出了另一种假设，可能是最可能的，暗示-- 协变共性和语音交易关系基于 听觉系统的特性。我们建议，声学的 语音对比的相关性因其不同而不同 语言，因为语言社区倾向于选择 具有相辅相成的听觉效果。 为了评估这个听觉假说，我们的策略将是 证明声学尺寸之间的给定交易关系 发出语音对比的信号，然后确定是否 类似的声学存在相同类型的交易关系 非言语刺激中的维度。我们将把这一战略应用于 几种不同的音位对比；无声的 在初始停顿时的区别，在中的清音区别 中间停顿和摩擦，以及停顿-滑行的区别。这个 每一种情况的目的都是为了对言语和言语进行详细的比较 以及给定贸易关系的类似非语言版本。在……里面 除了测试人体受试者外，还有几项实验将 调查非人类对贸易关系的感知 物种--日本鹌鹑。听觉的计算机模型 周边将被用来评估可能的听觉基础 贸易关系。

The overall goal of the proposed research is to investigate possible auditory bases of speech trading relations and of phonetic universals involving covariation of acoustic cues. In general, a phonological contrast (e.g., the voicing distinction in medial stops) is realized by a multiplicity of acoustic correlates, and these correlates tend to be rather uniform across languages, often approximating the status of phonetic universals. Their universality has typically prompted phoneticians to seek explanations based on physical or physiological constraints on speech production. Correspondingly, some theorists have argued that phonetic trading relations (where the perception of one acoustic-phonetic dimension is affected by the setting of another acoustic parameter) result primarily from the listener's tacit knowledge of the regularities of speech production and their acoustic consequences. We offer the alternative hypothesis that may, perhaps most, cue- covariation universals and phonetic trading relations are based on properties of the auditory system. We suggest that acoustic correlates of a phonological contrast covary as they do across languages because speech communities tend to select cues that have mutually reinforcing auditory effects. To evaluate this auditory hypothesis, our strategy will be to demonstrate a given trading relation between acoustic dimensions that signal a phonological contrast and then to determine whether the same type of trading relation exists for analogous acoustic dimensions in nonspeech stimuli. We will apply this strategy to several different phonological contrasts; the voiced-voiceless distinction in initial stops, the voiced-voiceless distinction in medial stops and fricatives, and the stop-glide distinction. The aim in each case is to make a detailed comparison between speech and analogous non-speech versions of a given trading relation. In addition to testing human subjects, several experiments will investigate the perception of trading relations in a nonhuman species--Japanese quail. A computer model of the auditory periphery will be used to evaluate possible auditory bases of trading relations.