AUDITORY FACTORS IN SPEECH PERCEPTION

本研究的总体目标是调查 语音交易关系和语音的可能听觉基础 涉及声学线索共变的共性。 一般来说，语音对比（例如，语音的区别 中间音栓）是通过多种声学相关来实现的， 这些相关性在不同语言之间是一致的， 通常接近语音共性的状态。 他们的 普遍性通常促使语音学家寻求 基于身体或生理限制的解释， 言语产生 相应地，一些理论家认为， 语音贸易关系（其中一个人的感知 声学-语音维度受另一个维度的设置影响 声学参数）主要来自听者的默认 言语产生的认知及其 声学后果 我们提供了另一种假设，也许大多数，暗示- 共变共性和语音交易关系是基于 听觉系统的特性。 我们建议声学 音位对比的相关词在不同的音系中 因为言语社区倾向于选择 具有相互增强的听觉效果。 为了评估这个听觉假设，我们的策略是 展示声学维度之间的给定交易关系 这标志着语音对比，然后确定是否 对于类似的声学， 非言语刺激的维度。 我们将把这一战略应用于 几种不同的音系对比; 在最初的停止的区别， 中间塞音和擦音，以及塞音和滑音的区别。 的 在每一种情况下，目的都是对言语之间的详细比较， 以及给定贸易关系的类似的非言语版本。 在 除了测试人类受试者外， 调查非人类对交易关系的感知 日本鹌鹑 听觉的计算机模型 周边将被用来评估可能的听觉基础， 贸易关系。

The overall goal of the proposed research is to investigate possible auditory bases of speech trading relations and of phonetic universals involving covariation of acoustic cues. In general, a phonological contrast (e.g., the voicing distinction in medial stops) is realized by a multiplicity of acoustic correlates, and these correlates tend to be rather uniform across languages, often approximating the status of phonetic universals. Their universality has typically prompted phoneticians to seek explanations based on physical or physiological constraints on speech production. Correspondingly, some theorists have argued that phonetic trading relations (where the perception of one acoustic-phonetic dimension is affected by the setting of another acoustic parameter) result primarily from the listener's tacit knowledge of the regularities of speech production and their acoustic consequences. We offer the alternative hypothesis that may, perhaps most, cue- covariation universals and phonetic trading relations are based on properties of the auditory system. We suggest that acoustic correlates of a phonological contrast covary as they do across languages because speech communities tend to select cues that have mutually reinforcing auditory effects. To evaluate this auditory hypothesis, our strategy will be to demonstrate a given trading relation between acoustic dimensions that signal a phonological contrast and then to determine whether the same type of trading relation exists for analogous acoustic dimensions in nonspeech stimuli. We will apply this strategy to several different phonological contrasts; the voiced-voiceless distinction in initial stops, the voiced-voiceless distinction in medial stops and fricatives, and the stop-glide distinction. The aim in each case is to make a detailed comparison between speech and analogous non-speech versions of a given trading relation. In addition to testing human subjects, several experiments will investigate the perception of trading relations in a nonhuman species--Japanese quail. A computer model of the auditory periphery will be used to evaluate possible auditory bases of trading relations.