Neurologic & Cognitive Analysis of Callosotomy Patients

神经科

• 批准号: 6821512
• 负责人: MICHAEL S GAZZANIGA
• 金额: $ 34.11万
• 依托单位: DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-01-01 至 2008-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6821512
• 关键词: behavior test; brain electrical activity; brain interhemispheric activity; clinical research; cognition; corpus callosums; electroencephalography; evoked potentials; functional magnetic resonance imaging; hemodynamics; human subject; neural information processing; neuropsychology; neurosurgery; perception; psychomotor function; split brain; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The corpus callosum, which connects the two cerebral hemispheres, is the largest fiber tract in the human brain. This fiber tract is severed in patients who undergo complete callosotomy, resulting in a disconnection of the hemispheres at the cortical level. Lateralized testing of these patients can reveal dramatic hemispheric differences in perceptual and cognitive processing, yet paradoxically, their behavior often appears fully integrated. The purpose of this proposal is to investigate the role of the corpus callosum and non-callosal mechanisms in interhemispheric integration. It has been suggested that intrahemispheric processing is more efficient than interhemispheric processing and therefore processing will tend to occur within one hemisphere when task demands are low. As task demands increase, however, research has demonstrated that the other hemisphere is increasingly recruited, requiring integration of information and resources between the two hemispheres. To determine the role of the corpus callosum in interhemispheric integration, we plan to continue behavioral testing of complete callosotomy patients. In addition, we are expanding our patient population to include those with partial lesions of the corpus callosum in order to characterize the role of callosal subregions in interhemispheric integration. Proposed experiments also incorporate new methodologies, specifically, diffusion tensor imaging, functional neuroimaging and electrophysiological recording of neural activity. Our research proposal centers on four specific aims. The first aim is to investigate the role of specific callosal regions in the binding of visual features into unified object representations. The second aim is to explore the effect of hemispheric specialization and task difficulty on the deployment of processing resources. The third aim is to investigate the effect of hemispheric differences in spatial representation on the integration of perception and movement between the two hemispheres. The fourth aim explores the extent to which the disconnected hemispheres are able to monitor and respond to processing events in the other hemisphere. Taken together, this research will provide important insights into the specialized roles of the two hemispheres and the ways in which they interact via the corpus callosum and non-callosal mechanisms

描述（申请人提供）：连接两个大脑半球的胼胝体是人脑中最大的纤维束。在接受完全胼胝体切开术的患者中，这种纤维束被切断，导致大脑半球在皮质水平上断开。对这些患者的偏侧化测试可以揭示在知觉和认知处理方面的显著半球差异，但矛盾的是，他们的行为往往表现出完全整合。本研究的目的是探讨胼胝体和非胼胝体机制在半球间整合中的作用。有人认为，半球内加工比半球间加工更有效，因此，当任务要求低时，加工往往发生在一个半球内。然而，随着任务需求的增加，研究表明，另一个半球越来越多地被招募，需要整合两个半球之间的信息和资源。为了确定胼胝体在半球间整合中的作用，我们计划继续对完全胼胝体切开术患者进行行为测试。此外，我们正在扩大我们的患者人群，包括胼胝体的部分病变，以表征胼胝体亚区在半球间整合的作用。拟议的实验还纳入了新的方法，特别是扩散张量成像，功能性神经成像和神经活动的电生理记录。我们的研究计划围绕四个具体目标。第一个目的是调查的作用，特定的胼胝体区域的视觉功能绑定到统一的对象表示。第二个目的是探讨半球专门化和任务难度对加工资源配置的影响。第三个目的是探讨空间表征的半球差异对两半球知觉和运动整合的影响。第四个目标是探索断开的两个半球在多大程度上能够监测和响应另一个半球的处理事件。综上所述，本研究将为两个半球的专门作用以及它们通过胼胝体和非胼胝体机制相互作用的方式提供重要的见解