SMART-Smoking Prevention for Middle Schools

描述(由申请人提供)：据估计，美国每年有100万儿童开始吸烟(Khuder、Dayal和Mutgi，1999年)，大多数儿童在青春期早期就开始吸烟(Khuder等人)。1999年；美国卫生与公众服务部(USDHHS)1992年)。由于烟草态度和行为是在儿童和青春期发展起来的，因此在这一时期针对青少年的预防方案势在必行(Beaglehold等人。1978年；O‘Connell等人。(1981年)。研究表明，认识到吸烟的社会影响和对同伴规范行为的误解的方法在减少青少年烟草使用方面是最有效的(杜森伯里和法尔科，1995年；USDHHS，2001)。 在过去的十年中，各机构和研究人员提出了建议，以协助教育机构向儿童和青少年传递烟草预防信息。疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)预防烟草使用和成瘾的学校健康计划指南就是这些建议的一个典型例子。不幸的是，尽管有这些建议，但很少有学校正在实施符合疾病预防控制中心的每一项标准的计划(卫生局局长报告2000；Wenter等人。2002年)。丹亚国际公司提议开发和评估一种多方面的吸烟预防产品，其中包括美国疾病控制与预防中心的所有七项指南，旨在教育中学生吸烟的社会影响。内容、格式和设计过程将借鉴最先进的研究成果，并将强调社会营销方法，以促进教育环境中的预防工作。青年将参与拟议的预防吸烟干预措施的开发和制作。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): It is estimated that each year, one million children start smoking in the United States (Khuder, Dayal, and Mutgi 1999), with most children initiating the habit during early adolescence (Khuder et al. 1999; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)1992). Since tobacco attitudes and behaviors develop during childhood and adolescence, prevention programs targeting youth during this time period are imperative (Beaglehold et al. 1978; O'Connell et al. 1981). Research indicates that approaches recognizing both social influences to smoke and misperceptions of peer normative behavior are the most effective in reducing tobacco use among youth (Dusenbury and Falco 1995; USDHHS 2001). During the past decade, various agencies and researchers have developed recommendations to assist educational settings in delivering tobacco prevention messages to both children and adolescents. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Guidelines for School Health Programs to Prevent Tobacco Use and Addiction are a prime example of these recommendations. Unfortunately, despite these recommendations, few schools are implementing programs that meet each of the CDC's criteria (Surgeon General Report 2000; Wenter et al. 2002). Danya International, Inc., proposes to develop and evaluate a multifaceted smoking prevention product that includes all seven CDC guidelines designed to educate middle school students about the social influences of smoking. The content, format, and design process will draw from the state-of-the-art research findings and will emphasize a social marketing approach to facilitate prevention efforts in an educational setting. Youth will be involved in the development and production of the proposed smoking prevention intervention.