SMART-Smoking Prevention for Middle Schools

描述（由申请人提供）：据估计，美国每年有100万儿童开始吸烟（Khuder, Dayal, and Mutgi 1999），其中大多数儿童在青春期早期就开始吸烟（Khuder et al. 1999；美国卫生与公众服务部（USDHHS）1992）。由于烟草态度和行为是在儿童和青少年时期形成的，因此在这一时期针对青少年的预防计划势在必行（Beaglehold et al. 1978； O'Connell et al. 1981）。研究表明，认识到吸烟的社会影响和对同伴规范行为的误解的方法在减少青少年的烟草使用方面是最有效的（Dusenbury和Falco， 1995年；美国国土安全部，2001年）。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): It is estimated that each year, one million children start smoking in the United States (Khuder, Dayal, and Mutgi 1999), with most children initiating the habit during early adolescence (Khuder et al. 1999; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)1992). Since tobacco attitudes and behaviors develop during childhood and adolescence, prevention programs targeting youth during this time period are imperative (Beaglehold et al. 1978; O'Connell et al. 1981). Research indicates that approaches recognizing both social influences to smoke and misperceptions of peer normative behavior are the most effective in reducing tobacco use among youth (Dusenbury and Falco 1995; USDHHS 2001). During the past decade, various agencies and researchers have developed recommendations to assist educational settings in delivering tobacco prevention messages to both children and adolescents. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Guidelines for School Health Programs to Prevent Tobacco Use and Addiction are a prime example of these recommendations. Unfortunately, despite these recommendations, few schools are implementing programs that meet each of the CDC's criteria (Surgeon General Report 2000; Wenter et al. 2002). Danya International, Inc., proposes to develop and evaluate a multifaceted smoking prevention product that includes all seven CDC guidelines designed to educate middle school students about the social influences of smoking. The content, format, and design process will draw from the state-of-the-art research findings and will emphasize a social marketing approach to facilitate prevention efforts in an educational setting. Youth will be involved in the development and production of the proposed smoking prevention intervention.