Motion nouns and their verbal counterparts: a cognitive functional perspective on motion expressions

我项目的中心是动态动词（例如leave）和它们的名词（或名义）对应物（例如arrival）之间的关系。更具体地说，本研究将侧重于某一类由动词衍生而来的名词（动名词）。虽然该领域的文献经常探索动词的运动解释（例如Levin 1993），但在运动名词方面出现了空白-这一领域相对未被触及。因此，一些重要问题仍未得到解答，详情如下。此外，许多关于动态动词与其对应的名义动词之间关系的文献是矛盾的。正如Barque等人（2009:174）所指出的，文献中有一个公认的假设，即指称名词通常保持其词根的语义和句法元素。然而，动谓名词关系并不一定那么直接。Vendler（1967）的研究发现，有些名词虽然没有词基，但却表现出通常属于动词的语义特征。此外，Andreou和Lieber（2019）指出，动词的方面语义（与时间相关的意义）与其对应的指称名词之间没有直接联系。考虑到这些相互矛盾的说法，本研究着手回答以下三个研究问题：RQ1：运动名词相对于其对应的动词的运动解释（即词汇语法和语义属性）的本质是什么？动词-名词对的方位和构成在多大程度上影响了它们之间的语义特征分布（如：指代名词、名动词、转换、借词）？RQ3：我们如何解释名义类别中出现的新含义，无论是在类型还是频率方面？为了回答上述问题，我的方法论包括三个部分。首先，我将使用一个大型通用语料库（例如英国国家语料库）建立一个数据集，然后将为大约12个动作动词-名词对提取大约250条一致性线。这些配对将在回顾文献后选择。然后，使用诊断测试（例如Balvet等人的2011），将分析动词-名词对的语义类型。其次，我会将动词-名词对词源的细节添加到数据库中，然后进行统计分析（例如回归分析），以识别基于方向的语义模式。第三，我将从认知语言学（如Langacker 1987）和系统功能语言学（如Halliday 1985）的观点出发，探讨运动名词产生新含义的潜在原因。当考虑到这项研究的更广泛的影响时，该项目将吸引的主要领域是翻译，计算语言学和第二语言学习和教学。

At the centre of my project is the relationship between motion verbs (e.g. leave) and their noun (or nominal) counterparts (e.g. arrival). More specifically, this research will focus on a certain type of nouns (deverbal nouns) which have been derived from verbs. Whilst literature in the field has often explored the construal of motion in verbs (e.g. Levin 1993), a gap emerges when it comes to motion nouns - this area has been left relatively untouched. Consequently, important questions remain unanswered, as detailed below. Furthermore, much of the literature around the relationship between motion verbs and their nominal counterparts is contradictory. As noted by Barque et al. (2009:174), there is a well-established assumption in the literature that deverbal nouns often maintain semantic and syntactical elements of their verbal root. However, the verb-deverbal noun relationship is not necessarily so straightforward. Research by Vendler (1967) found that some nouns display semantic features normally attributed to verbs, despite having no verbal base. Additionally, Andreou and Lieber (2019) note that there is no direct link between the aspectual semantics (time-related meanings) of a verb and its deverbal noun counterpart. With these conflicting accounts in mind, this research sets out to answer the three following research questions: RQ1: What is the nature of the motion construal (i.e. lexico-grammatical and semantic properties) of motion nouns as opposed to their corresponding verbs? RQ2: To what extent does the orientation and composition of the verb-noun pair play a role in the distribution of the semantic features between them (e.g. deverbal nouns, denominal verbs, conversion, borrowings)? RQ3: How can we account for new meanings emerging from the nominal category, both in terms of type and frequency? In order to answer the above questions, my methodology comprises three parts. First, I will build a dataset by using a large general corpus (e.g. the British National Corpus) and will then extract an estimated 250 concordance lines for approximately 12 motion verb-noun pairs. These pairs will be chosen after reviewing the literature. Then, using diagnostic tests (e.g. Balvet et al.'s 2011), the verb-noun pairs will be analysed for their semantic type. Secondly, I will add details of the verb-noun pair etymology to the database, followed by a statistical analysis (e.g. regression analysis) to identify semantic patterns based on orientation. Thirdly, I will turn to potential reasons as to why new meanings arise from the motion nouns, drawing upon both Cognitive Linguistics (e.g. Langacker 1987) and Systemic Functional Linguistics (e.g. Halliday 1985). When looking at the wider implications of this piece of research, the main areas which this project will appeal to are translation, computational linguistics and second language learning and teaching.