VESTIBULAR MECHANISMS IN THE DYNAMICS OF LOCOMOTION

描述（由申请人提供）：运动期间，协调身体，发热 眼球运动稳定视线并帮助保持姿势。的理解 这些运动需要1）分析方法， 运动过程中身体、头部和眼睛的坐标系，以及2） 开发一个模型，说明如何协调这些框架 在真实的时间里。本研究的目标是开发一个通用的基于模型的 研究身体，手臂， 头部和眼睛在自然运动，将这种行为与工作 的角度和线性VCR的和VOR的，并确定弓稳定运动 是通过对行为进行建模来实现的。这将通过 开发确定头部注视点（HFP）的新计算方法 和注视固定点（GFP）。已经 假设代偿机制大致维持这些点， 相对于身体来说是不变的。这些工具将用于研究 通过线性和角度前庭颈的头部的补偿反应 前庭眼反射（1VCR、aVCR、IVCR和IVOR）。我们将概括 我们的轨迹坐标系的概念，用于研究 地上运动。考虑三维运动，沿着等级， 上下楼梯我们将使用新开发的方法， 评估在圆周运动、上升运动和运动过程中的补偿质量。 和下降的等级和楼梯。也有人认为， 机构倾向于保持头部和眼睛坐标系的对准， 重力惯性加速度（GIA）因此，由于 在这些更一般的轨迹GIA的变化也将被研究。 在这些研究中，手臂摆动也将被视为 颈-结肠反射在调节运动中的作用。将进行实验， 限制手臂摆动，并确定其对身体，头部和眼睛运动的影响。的 当绕着圆形轨迹行走时， 也被研究。最后，数据将被用来模拟的作用， 补偿和定向前庭机制在运动。的 所提出的实验是在日常自然运动中经历的， 生活虽然身体，手臂，头部和眼睛运动的许多方面将被检查， 它们都将在重点实验中受到监测。新颖之处在于 将开发的代表性方案和基于模型的分析 将这种行为与前庭机制联系起来。当这项研究是 完成后，我们应该有一个更好的身体，头部和眼睛的三维特征 运动在广泛的自然行走行为，并有一个更清晰的 了解前庭系统如何在手术过程中产生代偿性凝视， 运动和定向的身体，头部和眼睛，以保持步态稳定。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): During locomotion, coordinated body, heat and ocular movements stabilize gaze and help maintain posture. An understanding of these movements requires 1) an analytical approach that relates the coordinate frames of the body, head and eyes during locomotion and 2) the development of a model that illustrates how these frames might be coordinated in real time. The goals of this study are to develop a general model-based approach for studying the kinematic and dynamic behavior of the body, arms, head and eyes during natural locomotion, relate this behavior to the workings of the angular and linear VCR's and VOR's, and determine bow stable locomotion is achieved through modeling the behavior. This will be accomplished by developing new computational methods for determining head fixation point (HFP) and gaze fixation point (GFP) in three dimensions while walking. It has been hypothesized that compensatory mechanisms maintain these points approximately invariant relative to the body. These tools will be used to study the compensatory responses of the head via the linear and angular vestibulocollic and vestibulo-ocular reflexes (1VCR, aVCR, IVCR, and IVOR). We will generalize our notion of the trajectory coordinate frame, utilized in the study of overground locomotion. to consider locomotion in 3-D, along grades and ascending and descending stairs. We will use our newly developed methodology to evaluate the quality of the compensation during circular locomotion, ascending and descending grades and stairs. It has also been postulated that orientation mechanisms tend to maintain alignment of head and ocular coordinate frames with the gravito-inertial acceleration (GIA). Thus, orientation effects due to changes in the GIA during these more general trajectories will also be studied. Arm swing will also be considered in these studies as a possible role for the cervico-collic reflex in regularizing locomotion. Experiments will be done to limit arm swing and determine its affect on body, head and eye movements. The effect of looking at targets while walking around a circular trajectory will also be studied. Finally, the data will be utilized to model the role of compensatory and orienting vestibular mechanisms during locomotion. The experiments proposed are experienced during natural locomotion in everyday life. While many aspects of body, arm, head and eye movements will be examined, they all will be monitored in focused experiments. The novelty is the representational schemes that will be developed and the model-based analysis that will relate this behavior to vestibular mechanisms. When this study is completed, we should have a better 3-D characterization of body, head and eye movements during a wide range of natural walking behaviors and have a clearer understanding of how the vestibular system generates compensatory gaze during locomotion and orients the body, head and eyes to maintain gait stablity.