VESTIBULAR MECHANISMS IN THE DYNAMICS OF LOCOMOTION

描述(申请人提供)：运动时，协调体，热 眼球运动可以稳定凝视，帮助保持姿势。一种理解 这些运动需要1)一种分析方法，将 运动时身体、头部和眼睛的坐标框架和2) 开发一个模型，说明这些框架可能如何协调 实时的。本研究的目标是开发一种通用的基于模型的 一种研究身体、手臂、 在自然运动中，头部和眼睛将这种行为与工作联系起来 角的和线的VCR和VOR的，并确定船头的稳定运动 是通过对行为建模来实现的。这将通过以下方式实现 开发确定头部固定点(HFP)的新计算方法 和行走时三维凝视注视点(GFP)。一直以来 假设补偿机制大致维持这些点 相对于身体的不变性。这些工具将用于研究 头通过线形和角形前庭神经的代偿反应 前庭-眼反射(1VCR、aVCR、IVCR和IVOR)。我们将概括为 我们的轨道坐标系的概念，用于研究 地面运动。考虑在3-D中沿坡度和 上上下下的楼梯。我们将使用我们新开发的方法来 评价圆周运动、上升过程中的补偿质量 以及不断下降的年级和楼梯。还有一种假设是，定向 机构倾向于通过以下方式保持头部和眼睛坐标系的对齐 重力惯性加速度(GIA)。因此，定向效应由以下因素引起 还将研究在这些更一般的轨迹期间GIA的变化。 在这些研究中，手臂摆动也将被考虑为 颈结肠反射在规律性运动中的作用。将进行实验，以 限制手臂摆动，并确定其对身体、头部和眼睛运动的影响。这个 绕着圆形轨迹行走时看着目标的效果将 也有待研究。最后，这些数据将被用来对 前庭运动中的代偿和定向机制。这个 所提出的实验是在每天的自然运动中进行的 生活。虽然将检查身体、手臂、头部和眼睛运动的许多方面， 他们都将在有针对性的实验中受到监测。新奇之处在于 将制定的代表性方案和基于模型的分析 这将把这种行为与前庭机制联系起来。当这项研究是 完成后，我们应该有一个更好的身体，头部和眼睛的3D特征 运动过程中有多种自然的行走行为，并有更清晰的 前庭系统如何产生代偿性凝视的理解 运动并调整身体、头部和眼睛的方向，以保持步态稳定。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): During locomotion, coordinated body, heat and ocular movements stabilize gaze and help maintain posture. An understanding of these movements requires 1) an analytical approach that relates the coordinate frames of the body, head and eyes during locomotion and 2) the development of a model that illustrates how these frames might be coordinated in real time. The goals of this study are to develop a general model-based approach for studying the kinematic and dynamic behavior of the body, arms, head and eyes during natural locomotion, relate this behavior to the workings of the angular and linear VCR's and VOR's, and determine bow stable locomotion is achieved through modeling the behavior. This will be accomplished by developing new computational methods for determining head fixation point (HFP) and gaze fixation point (GFP) in three dimensions while walking. It has been hypothesized that compensatory mechanisms maintain these points approximately invariant relative to the body. These tools will be used to study the compensatory responses of the head via the linear and angular vestibulocollic and vestibulo-ocular reflexes (1VCR, aVCR, IVCR, and IVOR). We will generalize our notion of the trajectory coordinate frame, utilized in the study of overground locomotion. to consider locomotion in 3-D, along grades and ascending and descending stairs. We will use our newly developed methodology to evaluate the quality of the compensation during circular locomotion, ascending and descending grades and stairs. It has also been postulated that orientation mechanisms tend to maintain alignment of head and ocular coordinate frames with the gravito-inertial acceleration (GIA). Thus, orientation effects due to changes in the GIA during these more general trajectories will also be studied. Arm swing will also be considered in these studies as a possible role for the cervico-collic reflex in regularizing locomotion. Experiments will be done to limit arm swing and determine its affect on body, head and eye movements. The effect of looking at targets while walking around a circular trajectory will also be studied. Finally, the data will be utilized to model the role of compensatory and orienting vestibular mechanisms during locomotion. The experiments proposed are experienced during natural locomotion in everyday life. While many aspects of body, arm, head and eye movements will be examined, they all will be monitored in focused experiments. The novelty is the representational schemes that will be developed and the model-based analysis that will relate this behavior to vestibular mechanisms. When this study is completed, we should have a better 3-D characterization of body, head and eye movements during a wide range of natural walking behaviors and have a clearer understanding of how the vestibular system generates compensatory gaze during locomotion and orients the body, head and eyes to maintain gait stablity.