Pesticides/Enodcrine Disruptors/Childhood Growth/Develop

描述（由申请人提供）：美国内城的儿童暴露于多种已知和潜在的神经发育毒物。该项目的总体目标是研究暴露于易制毒化学品、农药和多氯联苯与现有种族和民族多样化的城市母亲和儿童群体的儿童生长和发育之间的关联。该项目将继续评估产前接触有机磷（包括毒死蜱）、拟除虫菊酯和多氯联苯对生长和神经行为发育的影响。作为一个新的方向，研究人员计划评估潜在的内分泌干扰化学品，特别是邻苯二甲酸酯和双酚A对胎儿，婴儿和儿童生长发育的影响。目前，他们至少有300名积极参与的母亲？此外，还将增加78名来自上一个赠款周期的社区干预项目的母亲和婴儿。为了评估环境暴露，将使用储存和新采集的孕产妇和婴儿尿液样本以及问卷调查沿着。评估神经发育的测试包括出生时的Brazelton新生儿行为评估量表，1岁和2岁时的Bayley婴儿发育量表，以及4岁，6岁和7岁时的几项额外测试。生长指标包括胎儿生长指数（出生时的体重、头围和身长）以及1、2、4、6和7岁时的体重、头围和身长，以及4、6和7岁时的体脂百分比和瘦体重。与项目3合作，研究人员还将评估 多态性和涉及对氧磷酶、脂肪酶和葡萄糖醛酸苷酶的酶活性对这些关联的影响。这项研究的独特贡献是，它评估了对儿童的生长和神经发育的影响，目前多种潜在的暴露于发育毒物的内城，少数民族儿童。

Description (provided by applicant): Children in America's inner cities are exposed to multiple known and potential neurodevelopmental toxicants. The overall goal of this project is to examine associations between exposures to EDs, pesticides and PCBs and growth and development of children of an already existing racially and ethnically diverse urban cohort of mothers and children. This project will continue to assess the effects of prenatal exposures to organophosphates (including chlorpyrifos), pyrethroids, and PCBs on growth and neurobehavioral development. As a new direction, the investigators plan to assess the impacts of potentially endocrine disrupting chemicals, specifically phthalates and bisphenol A on fetal, infant and childhood growth and development. Currently, they have at least 300 actively participating mother?infant pairs and will add another 78 mothers and infants from a community intervention project in the previous cycle of this grant. To assess environmental exposure, both stored and newly collected maternal and infant urinary samples will be used along with questionnaires. Tests to assess neurodevelopment include the Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale at birth, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at ages 1 and 2 years, and several additional tests at ages 4, 6 and 7 years. Growth measures include indices of fetal growth (weight, head circumference and length at birth) as well as weight, head circumference, and length at ages 1, 2, 4, 6, and 7 years and percent body fat and lean mass at ages 4, 6, and 7 years. In collaboration with Project 3, the investigators will also assess possible modulating influences of polymorphisms and enzymatic activity involving paraoxonases, lipases and glucuronidases on these associations. The unique contribution of this study is that it assesses the effects on childhood growth and neurodevelopment of current multiple potential exposures to developmental toxicants among inner city, minority children.