Collection methods for early detection of airborne viruses

生物气溶胶的实时（RT）检测在军事和民用基础设施中都变得非常重要。生物战对未来构成越来越明显的威胁，气溶胶传播被确定为一种传播方式（Franz等人，1997年）。因此，国防机构有特权来创建快速、有效和特异性识别制剂的气溶胶检测技术（Santl-Temklv等人，2019;霍夫曼和Ratnesar-Shumate，2020）。该技术在环境和食品领域有更广泛的应用范围（Santl-Temklv等人，2019年）。植物/动物病原体的检测可导致农作物的破坏，以及在预先确定的危险地点监测生物气溶胶的潜在释放（Jim Ho，2002年）。芯片实验室（LoC）技术已经建立，除了低浓度的气溶胶化病原体和高度定制化之外，还可以处理样本采集引起的并发症。（Coudron等人，2018; Santl-Temklv等人，2019年）。已经提出，基于电介质上电润湿（EWOD）的数字微流体（DMF）是气溶胶化试剂的生物检测中的下一代（Coudron等人，2018年）。气溶胶化的病原体可以以多种模式传播：液滴、灰尘颗粒或孢子（Alsved等人，2019; Santl-Temklv等人，2019年）。移动的距离取决于颗粒的大小和密度，因为与可以移动很长距离的较小颗粒相比，较大颗粒将更快地沉降。已经开发了各种收集方法，以捕获和分析空气传播的病原体。这些方法包括过滤或惯性/重力方法（Fronczek和Yoon 2015）。

The real-time (RT) detection of bioaerosols has become extremely important in both military and civilian infrastructure. Biological warfare is posed to be an increasingly tangible threat for the future, with aerosol dissemination being identified as a mode of transmission (Franz et al.,1997). Thus, there is prerogative from national defence agencies to create aerosol detection technologies that are rapid, efficient and specific in identification of agent (Santl-Temklv et al.,2019; Huffman and Ratnesar-Shumate, 2020). There is a much wider scope for this technology with interest in the environmental and food sectors (Santl-Temklv et al.,2019). The detection of plant/animal pathogens can lead to crop devastation as well as the monitoring of potential release of bioaerosols in predefined hazardous locations (Jim Ho 2002). Lab-on-a-chip (LoC) technologies have been established to handle complications that arise from sample collection, in addition to the low concentrations of aerosolised pathogens and high customisation. (Coudron et al., 2018; Santl-Temklv et al.,2019). It has been proposed that electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) based digital microfluidics (DMF) is the next generation in biological detection of aerosolised agents (Coudron et al., 2018). Aerosolised pathogens can be transmitted in a variety of modes: liquid droplets, dust particles or spores (Alsved et al., 2019; Santl-Temklv et al.,2019). The distance travelled is dependent on the size and density of the particle as larger particles will settle more rapidly compared to the smaller particles that can travel very long distances. A variety of collection methods have been developed in order to capture and analyse airborne pathogens. These include filtration or inertial/gravitational force approaches (Fronczek and Yoon 2015).