Adaptive evolution of pathogenesis towards symbiosis

发病机制向共生的适应性进化

• 批准号: 6922914
• 负责人: Serap AKSOY
• 金额: $ 25.71万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-01 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6922914
• 关键词: Glossinidae; biochemical evolution; developmental genetics; fluorescent in situ hybridization; functional /structural genomics; gene environment interaction; gene expression; gene expression profiling; genetic transcription; host organism interaction; intermolecular interaction; light microscopy; microarray technology; microorganism genetics; microorganism interaction; parasitism; pathologic process; polymerase chain reaction; symbiosis

DESCRIPTION (provided by the applicant): Symbiotic microbial relations are extremely pervasive, with examples being found among all levels of the earth's biota. These associations vary with regard to their interactive nature, and are characterized by the benefit (or detriment) imparted to the participants. Beneficial/neutral symbiotic associations are believed to have evolved from free living or parasitic ancestors. Closely related members of taxa can represent all trophic levels: from free-living to parasitic to mutualistic. Analysis of the genetic differences/similarities between these organisms, in reference to their symbiotic status, can provide important insight into the fundamental biological principles involved in shaping these particular relationships. Tsetse flies are the sole vectors of African trypanosomes, (Trypanosoma spp.), eukaryotic parasites that cause devastating diseases in humans and animals in Sub Saharan Africa. Since tsetse harbors three bacterial symbionts in addition to the protozoan trypanosomes, they provide an ideal model for studying symbiotic associations and interactions. Two of these bacterial symbionts (genus Wigglesworthia and genus Sodalis) are of particular research interest since they are closely related to important free-living and pathogenic bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae. The genomes of Wigglesworthia, Sodalis and Trypanosoma spp. have been sequenced, which will facilitate in observing symbiosis at the genetic and functional level. Information on the interaction of tsetse symbionts with each other, with trypanosomes and with the host can be applied to other symbiotic systems (i.e., host-pathogen interactions). This study focuses on the genomic and functional biology of symbiosis in tsetse, in an attempt to understand how host factors/environment influence the architecture of microbial genomes during the evolutionary transition from free-living to symbiotic. This will be accomplished by examining functional biology of symbionts (by gene expression profiling) under different host nutritional states, developmental stages and varied parasite infection status. The role of functions typically associated with pathogenic microorganisms will be pursued in these beneficial microbes.

描述（由申请人提供）：共生微生物关系非常普遍，在地球生物群的各个层面都可以找到例子。这些联系因其互动性质而异，其特点是给参与者带来的利益（或损害）。有益/中性共生关系被认为是从自由生活或寄生祖先进化而来的。类群近亲成员可以代表所有